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Anotar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to write notes, annotate”.
Below are all of the conjugations for anotar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to write notes, annotate |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | anotar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está anotando) and past continuous (estaba anotando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. annotating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he anotado and hubiera anotado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have annotated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | anotando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | anotado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I annotate” or “they annotate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | anoto |
| Tú | anotas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | anota |
| Nosotros / as | anotamos |
| Vosotros / as | anotáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | anotan |
| Vos | anotás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I annotated” or “she annotated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | anoté | I annotated |
| Tú | anotaste | You annotated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | anotó | He / she / you annotated |
| Nosotros / as | anotamos | We annotated |
| Vosotros / as | anotasteis | You annotated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | anotaron | They / you annotated |
| Vos | anotaste | You annotated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was annotating” or “she was annotating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | anotaba | I was annotating |
| Tú | anotabas | You were annotating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | anotaba | He was / she was / you were annotating |
| Nosotros / as | anotábamos | We were annotating |
| Vosotros / as | anotabais | You were annotating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | anotaban | They / you were annotating |
| Vos | anotabas | You were annotating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have annotated” and “she has annotated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he anotado | I have annotated |
| Tú | has anotado | You have annotated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha anotado | He has / she has / you have annotated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos anotado | We have annotated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis anotado | You have annotated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han anotado | They / you have annotated |
| Vos | has anotado | You have annotated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would annotate” or “she would annotate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | anotaría | I would annotate |
| Tú | anotarías | You would annotate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | anotaría | He / she / you would annotate |
| Nosotros / as | anotaríamos | We would annotate |
| Vosotros / as | anotaríais | You would annotate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | anotarían | They / you would annotate |
| Vos | anotarías | You would annotate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will annotate” or “they will annotate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a anotar” means “They are going to annotate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | anotaré | I will annotate |
| Tú | anotarás | You will annotate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | anotará | He / she / you will annotate |
| Nosotros / as | anotaremos | We will annotate |
| Vosotros / as | anotaréis | You will annotate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | anotarán | They / you will annotate |
| Vos | anotarás | You will annotate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | anote |
| Tú | anotes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | anote |
| Nosotros / as | anotemos |
| Vosotros / as | anotéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | anoten |
| Vos | anotes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | anotara | anotase |
| Tú | anotaras | anotase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | anotara | anotase |
| Nosotros / as | anotáramos | anotásemos |
| Vosotros / as | anotarais | anotaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | anotaran | anotasen |
| Vos | anotaras | anotase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | anotare |
| Tú | anotares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | anotare |
| Nosotros / as | anotáremos |
| Vosotros / as | anotareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | anotaren |
| Vos | anotares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “annotate!” and “don’t annotate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | anota | no anotes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | anote | no anote |
| Nosotros / as | anotemos | no anotemos |
| Vosotros / as | anotad | no anotéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | anoten | no anoten |
| Vos | anotá | no anotes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya anotado |
| Tú | hayas anotado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya anotado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos anotado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis anotado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan anotado |
| Vos | hayas anotado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera anotado / hubiese anotado |
| Tú | hubieras anotado / hubieses anotado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera anotado / hubiese anotado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos anotado / hubiésemos anotado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais anotado / hubieseis anotado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran anotado / hubiesen anotado |
| Vos | hubieras anotado / hubieses anotado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere anotado |
| Tú | hubieres anotado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere anotado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos anotado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis anotado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren anotado |
| Vos | hubieres anotado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté anotando |
| Tú | estés anotando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté anotando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos anotando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis anotando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén anotando |
| Vos | estés anotando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera anotando / estuviese anotando |
| Tú | estuvieras anotando / estuvieses anotando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera anotando / estuviese anotando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos anotando / estuviésamos anotando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais anotando / estuvieseis anotando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera anotando / estuviese anotando |
| Vos | estuvieras anotando / estuvieses anotando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere anotando |
| Tú | estuvieres anotando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere anotando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos anotando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis anotando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere anotando |
| Vos | estuvieres anotando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos anotás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos anotaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos anotabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos anotarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos anotarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos anotes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos anotaras / Vos anotase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos anotá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no anotes |