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Aplanar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to flatten, smooth, level”.
Below are all of the conjugations for aplanar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to flatten, smooth, level |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | aplanar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está aplanando) and past continuous (estaba aplanando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. flattening).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he aplanado and hubiera aplanado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have flattened).
| Gerundio / Gerund | aplanando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | aplanado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I flatten” or “they flatten”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | aplano |
| Tú | aplanas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | aplana |
| Nosotros / as | aplanamos |
| Vosotros / as | aplanáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | aplanan |
| Vos | aplanás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I flattened” or “she flattened” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | aplané | I flattened |
| Tú | aplanaste | You flattened |
| Él / Ella / Usted | aplanó | He / she / you flattened |
| Nosotros / as | aplanamos | We flattened |
| Vosotros / as | aplanasteis | You flattened |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | aplanaron | They / you flattened |
| Vos | aplanaste | You flattened |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was flattening” or “she was flattening” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | aplanaba | I was flattening |
| Tú | aplanabas | You were flattening |
| Él / Ella / Usted | aplanaba | He was / she was / you were flattening |
| Nosotros / as | aplanábamos | We were flattening |
| Vosotros / as | aplanabais | You were flattening |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | aplanaban | They / you were flattening |
| Vos | aplanabas | You were flattening |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have flattened” and “she has flattened”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he aplanado | I have flattened |
| Tú | has aplanado | You have flattened |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha aplanado | He has / she has / you have flattened |
| Nosotros / as | hemos aplanado | We have flattened |
| Vosotros / as | habéis aplanado | You have flattened |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han aplanado | They / you have flattened |
| Vos | has aplanado | You have flattened |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would flatten” or “she would flatten”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | aplanaría | I would flatten |
| Tú | aplanarías | You would flatten |
| Él / Ella / Usted | aplanaría | He / she / you would flatten |
| Nosotros / as | aplanaríamos | We would flatten |
| Vosotros / as | aplanaríais | You would flatten |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | aplanarían | They / you would flatten |
| Vos | aplanarías | You would flatten |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will flatten” or “they will flatten”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a aplanar” means “They are going to flatten”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | aplanaré | I will flatten |
| Tú | aplanarás | You will flatten |
| Él / Ella / Usted | aplanará | He / she / you will flatten |
| Nosotros / as | aplanaremos | We will flatten |
| Vosotros / as | aplanaréis | You will flatten |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | aplanarán | They / you will flatten |
| Vos | aplanarás | You will flatten |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | aplane |
| Tú | aplanes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | aplane |
| Nosotros / as | aplanemos |
| Vosotros / as | aplanéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | aplanen |
| Vos | aplanes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | aplanara | aplanase |
| Tú | aplanaras | aplanase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | aplanara | aplanase |
| Nosotros / as | aplanáramos | aplanásemos |
| Vosotros / as | aplanarais | aplanaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | aplanaran | aplanasen |
| Vos | aplanaras | aplanase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | aplanare |
| Tú | aplanares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | aplanare |
| Nosotros / as | aplanáremos |
| Vosotros / as | aplanareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | aplanaren |
| Vos | aplanares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “flatten!” and “don’t flatten!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | aplana | no aplanes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | aplane | no aplane |
| Nosotros / as | aplanemos | no aplanemos |
| Vosotros / as | aplanad | no aplanéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | aplanen | no aplanen |
| Vos | aplaná | no aplanes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya aplanado |
| Tú | hayas aplanado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya aplanado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos aplanado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis aplanado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan aplanado |
| Vos | hayas aplanado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera aplanado / hubiese aplanado |
| Tú | hubieras aplanado / hubieses aplanado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera aplanado / hubiese aplanado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos aplanado / hubiésemos aplanado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais aplanado / hubieseis aplanado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran aplanado / hubiesen aplanado |
| Vos | hubieras aplanado / hubieses aplanado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere aplanado |
| Tú | hubieres aplanado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere aplanado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos aplanado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis aplanado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren aplanado |
| Vos | hubieres aplanado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté aplanando |
| Tú | estés aplanando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté aplanando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos aplanando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis aplanando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén aplanando |
| Vos | estés aplanando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera aplanando / estuviese aplanando |
| Tú | estuvieras aplanando / estuvieses aplanando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera aplanando / estuviese aplanando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos aplanando / estuviésamos aplanando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais aplanando / estuvieseis aplanando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera aplanando / estuviese aplanando |
| Vos | estuvieras aplanando / estuvieses aplanando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere aplanando |
| Tú | estuvieres aplanando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere aplanando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos aplanando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis aplanando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere aplanando |
| Vos | estuvieres aplanando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos aplanás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos aplanaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos aplanabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos aplanarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos aplanarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos aplanes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos aplanaras / Vos aplanase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos aplaná |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no aplanes |