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Apuntar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to aim, point”.
Below are all of the conjugations for apuntar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to aim, point |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | apuntar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está apuntando) and past continuous (estaba apuntando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. aiming).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he apuntado and hubiera apuntado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have aimed).
| Gerundio / Gerund | apuntando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | apuntado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I aim” or “they aim”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | apunto |
| Tú | apuntas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | apunta |
| Nosotros / as | apuntamos |
| Vosotros / as | apuntáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | apuntan |
| Vos | apuntás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I aimed” or “she aimed” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | apunté | I aimed |
| Tú | apuntaste | You aimed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | apuntó | He / she / you aimed |
| Nosotros / as | apuntamos | We aimed |
| Vosotros / as | apuntasteis | You aimed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | apuntaron | They / you aimed |
| Vos | apuntaste | You aimed |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was aiming” or “she was aiming” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | apuntaba | I was aiming |
| Tú | apuntabas | You were aiming |
| Él / Ella / Usted | apuntaba | He was / she was / you were aiming |
| Nosotros / as | apuntábamos | We were aiming |
| Vosotros / as | apuntabais | You were aiming |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | apuntaban | They / you were aiming |
| Vos | apuntabas | You were aiming |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have aimed” and “she has aimed”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he apuntado | I have aimed |
| Tú | has apuntado | You have aimed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha apuntado | He has / she has / you have aimed |
| Nosotros / as | hemos apuntado | We have aimed |
| Vosotros / as | habéis apuntado | You have aimed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han apuntado | They / you have aimed |
| Vos | has apuntado | You have aimed |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would aim” or “she would aim”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | apuntaría | I would aim |
| Tú | apuntarías | You would aim |
| Él / Ella / Usted | apuntaría | He / she / you would aim |
| Nosotros / as | apuntaríamos | We would aim |
| Vosotros / as | apuntaríais | You would aim |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | apuntarían | They / you would aim |
| Vos | apuntarías | You would aim |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will aim” or “they will aim”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a apuntar” means “They are going to aim”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | apuntaré | I will aim |
| Tú | apuntarás | You will aim |
| Él / Ella / Usted | apuntará | He / she / you will aim |
| Nosotros / as | apuntaremos | We will aim |
| Vosotros / as | apuntaréis | You will aim |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | apuntarán | They / you will aim |
| Vos | apuntarás | You will aim |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | apunte |
| Tú | apuntes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | apunte |
| Nosotros / as | apuntemos |
| Vosotros / as | apuntéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | apunten |
| Vos | apuntes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | apuntara | apuntase |
| Tú | apuntaras | apuntase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | apuntara | apuntase |
| Nosotros / as | apuntáramos | apuntásemos |
| Vosotros / as | apuntarais | apuntaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | apuntaran | apuntasen |
| Vos | apuntaras | apuntase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | apuntare |
| Tú | apuntares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | apuntare |
| Nosotros / as | apuntáremos |
| Vosotros / as | apuntareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | apuntaren |
| Vos | apuntares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “aim!” and “don’t aim!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | apunta | no apuntes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | apunte | no apunte |
| Nosotros / as | apuntemos | no apuntemos |
| Vosotros / as | apuntad | no apuntéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | apunten | no apunten |
| Vos | apuntá | no apuntes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya apuntado |
| Tú | hayas apuntado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya apuntado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos apuntado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis apuntado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan apuntado |
| Vos | hayas apuntado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera apuntado / hubiese apuntado |
| Tú | hubieras apuntado / hubieses apuntado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera apuntado / hubiese apuntado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos apuntado / hubiésemos apuntado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais apuntado / hubieseis apuntado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran apuntado / hubiesen apuntado |
| Vos | hubieras apuntado / hubieses apuntado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere apuntado |
| Tú | hubieres apuntado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere apuntado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos apuntado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis apuntado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren apuntado |
| Vos | hubieres apuntado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté apuntando |
| Tú | estés apuntando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté apuntando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos apuntando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis apuntando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén apuntando |
| Vos | estés apuntando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera apuntando / estuviese apuntando |
| Tú | estuvieras apuntando / estuvieses apuntando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera apuntando / estuviese apuntando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos apuntando / estuviésamos apuntando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais apuntando / estuvieseis apuntando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera apuntando / estuviese apuntando |
| Vos | estuvieras apuntando / estuvieses apuntando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere apuntando |
| Tú | estuvieres apuntando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere apuntando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos apuntando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis apuntando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere apuntando |
| Vos | estuvieres apuntando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos apuntás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos apuntaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos apuntabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos apuntarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos apuntarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos apuntes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos apuntaras / Vos apuntase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos apuntá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no apuntes |