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Arañar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to scratch”.
Below are all of the conjugations for arañar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to scratch |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | arañar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está arañando) and past continuous (estaba arañando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. scratching).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he arañado and hubiera arañado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have scratched).
| Gerundio / Gerund | arañando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | arañado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I scratch” or “they scratch”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | araño |
| Tú | arañas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | araña |
| Nosotros / as | arañamos |
| Vosotros / as | arañáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arañan |
| Vos | arañás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I scratched” or “she scratched” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arañé | I scratched |
| Tú | arañaste | You scratched |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arañó | He / she / you scratched |
| Nosotros / as | arañamos | We scratched |
| Vosotros / as | arañasteis | You scratched |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arañaron | They / you scratched |
| Vos | arañaste | You scratched |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was scratching” or “she was scratching” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arañaba | I was scratching |
| Tú | arañabas | You were scratching |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arañaba | He was / she was / you were scratching |
| Nosotros / as | arañábamos | We were scratching |
| Vosotros / as | arañabais | You were scratching |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arañaban | They / you were scratching |
| Vos | arañabas | You were scratching |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have scratched” and “she has scratched”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he arañado | I have scratched |
| Tú | has arañado | You have scratched |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha arañado | He has / she has / you have scratched |
| Nosotros / as | hemos arañado | We have scratched |
| Vosotros / as | habéis arañado | You have scratched |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han arañado | They / you have scratched |
| Vos | has arañado | You have scratched |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would scratch” or “she would scratch”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arañaría | I would scratch |
| Tú | arañarías | You would scratch |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arañaría | He / she / you would scratch |
| Nosotros / as | arañaríamos | We would scratch |
| Vosotros / as | arañaríais | You would scratch |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arañarían | They / you would scratch |
| Vos | arañarías | You would scratch |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will scratch” or “they will scratch”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a arañar” means “They are going to scratch”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arañaré | I will scratch |
| Tú | arañarás | You will scratch |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arañará | He / she / you will scratch |
| Nosotros / as | arañaremos | We will scratch |
| Vosotros / as | arañaréis | You will scratch |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arañarán | They / you will scratch |
| Vos | arañarás | You will scratch |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | arañe |
| Tú | arañes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arañe |
| Nosotros / as | arañemos |
| Vosotros / as | arañéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arañen |
| Vos | arañes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arañara | arañase |
| Tú | arañaras | arañase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arañara | arañase |
| Nosotros / as | arañáramos | arañásemos |
| Vosotros / as | arañarais | arañaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arañaran | arañasen |
| Vos | arañaras | arañase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | arañare |
| Tú | arañares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arañare |
| Nosotros / as | arañáremos |
| Vosotros / as | arañareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arañaren |
| Vos | arañares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “scratch!” and “don’t scratch!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | araña | no arañes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arañe | no arañe |
| Nosotros / as | arañemos | no arañemos |
| Vosotros / as | arañad | no arañéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arañen | no arañen |
| Vos | arañá | no arañes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya arañado |
| Tú | hayas arañado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya arañado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos arañado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis arañado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan arañado |
| Vos | hayas arañado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera arañado / hubiese arañado |
| Tú | hubieras arañado / hubieses arañado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera arañado / hubiese arañado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos arañado / hubiésemos arañado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais arañado / hubieseis arañado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran arañado / hubiesen arañado |
| Vos | hubieras arañado / hubieses arañado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere arañado |
| Tú | hubieres arañado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere arañado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos arañado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis arañado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren arañado |
| Vos | hubieres arañado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté arañando |
| Tú | estés arañando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté arañando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos arañando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis arañando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén arañando |
| Vos | estés arañando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera arañando / estuviese arañando |
| Tú | estuvieras arañando / estuvieses arañando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera arañando / estuviese arañando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos arañando / estuviésamos arañando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais arañando / estuvieseis arañando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera arañando / estuviese arañando |
| Vos | estuvieras arañando / estuvieses arañando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere arañando |
| Tú | estuvieres arañando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere arañando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos arañando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis arañando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere arañando |
| Vos | estuvieres arañando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos arañás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos arañaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos arañabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos arañarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos arañarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos arañes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos arañaras / Vos arañase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos arañá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no arañes |