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Arar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to plow till”.
Below are all of the conjugations for arar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to plow till |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | arar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está arando) and past continuous (estaba arando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. plowing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he arado and hubiera arado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have plowed).
| Gerundio / Gerund | arando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | arado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I plow” or “they plow”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | aro |
| Tú | aras |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ara |
| Nosotros / as | aramos |
| Vosotros / as | aráis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | aran |
| Vos | arás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I plowed” or “she plowed” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | aré | I plowed |
| Tú | araste | You plowed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | aró | He / she / you plowed |
| Nosotros / as | aramos | We plowed |
| Vosotros / as | arasteis | You plowed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | araron | They / you plowed |
| Vos | araste | You plowed |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was plowing” or “she was plowing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | araba | I was plowing |
| Tú | arabas | You were plowing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | araba | He was / she was / you were plowing |
| Nosotros / as | arábamos | We were plowing |
| Vosotros / as | arabais | You were plowing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | araban | They / you were plowing |
| Vos | arabas | You were plowing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have plowed” and “she has plowed”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he arado | I have plowed |
| Tú | has arado | You have plowed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha arado | He has / she has / you have plowed |
| Nosotros / as | hemos arado | We have plowed |
| Vosotros / as | habéis arado | You have plowed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han arado | They / you have plowed |
| Vos | has arado | You have plowed |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would plow” or “she would plow”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | araría | I would plow |
| Tú | ararías | You would plow |
| Él / Ella / Usted | araría | He / she / you would plow |
| Nosotros / as | araríamos | We would plow |
| Vosotros / as | araríais | You would plow |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ararían | They / you would plow |
| Vos | ararías | You would plow |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will plow” or “they will plow”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a arar” means “They are going to plow”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | araré | I will plow |
| Tú | ararás | You will plow |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arará | He / she / you will plow |
| Nosotros / as | araremos | We will plow |
| Vosotros / as | araréis | You will plow |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ararán | They / you will plow |
| Vos | ararás | You will plow |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | are |
| Tú | ares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | are |
| Nosotros / as | aremos |
| Vosotros / as | aréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | aren |
| Vos | ares |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arara | arase |
| Tú | araras | arase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arara | arase |
| Nosotros / as | aráramos | arásemos |
| Vosotros / as | ararais | araseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | araran | arasen |
| Vos | araras | arase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | arare |
| Tú | arares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arare |
| Nosotros / as | aráremos |
| Vosotros / as | arareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | araren |
| Vos | arares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “plow!” and “don’t plow!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | ara | no ares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | are | no are |
| Nosotros / as | aremos | no aremos |
| Vosotros / as | arad | no aréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | aren | no aren |
| Vos | ará | no ares |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya arado |
| Tú | hayas arado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya arado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos arado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis arado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan arado |
| Vos | hayas arado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera arado / hubiese arado |
| Tú | hubieras arado / hubieses arado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera arado / hubiese arado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos arado / hubiésemos arado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais arado / hubieseis arado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran arado / hubiesen arado |
| Vos | hubieras arado / hubieses arado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere arado |
| Tú | hubieres arado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere arado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos arado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis arado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren arado |
| Vos | hubieres arado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté arando |
| Tú | estés arando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté arando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos arando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis arando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén arando |
| Vos | estés arando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera arando / estuviese arando |
| Tú | estuvieras arando / estuvieses arando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera arando / estuviese arando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos arando / estuviésamos arando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais arando / estuvieseis arando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera arando / estuviese arando |
| Vos | estuvieras arando / estuvieses arando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere arando |
| Tú | estuvieres arando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere arando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos arando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis arando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere arando |
| Vos | estuvieres arando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos arás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos araste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos arabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos ararías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos ararás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos ares |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos araras / Vos arase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos ará |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no ares |