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Arrojar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to fling, throw, hurl”.
Below are all of the conjugations for arrojar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to fling, throw, hurl |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | arrojar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está arrojando) and past continuous (estaba arrojando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. throwing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he arrojado and hubiera arrojado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have thrown).
| Gerundio / Gerund | arrojando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | arrojado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I throw” or “they throw”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | arrojo |
| Tú | arrojas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arroja |
| Nosotros / as | arrojamos |
| Vosotros / as | arrojáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arrojan |
| Vos | arrojás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I threw” or “she threw” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arrojé | I threw |
| Tú | arrojaste | You threw |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arrojó | He / she / you threw |
| Nosotros / as | arrojamos | We threw |
| Vosotros / as | arrojasteis | You threw |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arrojaron | They / you threw |
| Vos | arrojaste | You threw |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was throwing” or “she was throwing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arrojaba | I was throwing |
| Tú | arrojabas | You were throwing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arrojaba | He was / she was / you were throwing |
| Nosotros / as | arrojábamos | We were throwing |
| Vosotros / as | arrojabais | You were throwing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arrojaban | They / you were throwing |
| Vos | arrojabas | You were throwing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have thrown” and “she has thrown”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he arrojado | I have thrown |
| Tú | has arrojado | You have thrown |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha arrojado | He has / she has / you have thrown |
| Nosotros / as | hemos arrojado | We have thrown |
| Vosotros / as | habéis arrojado | You have thrown |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han arrojado | They / you have thrown |
| Vos | has arrojado | You have thrown |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would throw” or “she would throw”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arrojaría | I would throw |
| Tú | arrojarías | You would throw |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arrojaría | He / she / you would throw |
| Nosotros / as | arrojaríamos | We would throw |
| Vosotros / as | arrojaríais | You would throw |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arrojarían | They / you would throw |
| Vos | arrojarías | You would throw |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will throw” or “they will throw”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a arrojar” means “They are going to throw”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arrojaré | I will throw |
| Tú | arrojarás | You will throw |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arrojará | He / she / you will throw |
| Nosotros / as | arrojaremos | We will throw |
| Vosotros / as | arrojaréis | You will throw |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arrojarán | They / you will throw |
| Vos | arrojarás | You will throw |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | arroje |
| Tú | arrojes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arroje |
| Nosotros / as | arrojemos |
| Vosotros / as | arrojéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arrojen |
| Vos | arrojes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arrojara | arrojase |
| Tú | arrojaras | arrojase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arrojara | arrojase |
| Nosotros / as | arrojáramos | arrojásemos |
| Vosotros / as | arrojarais | arrojaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arrojaran | arrojasen |
| Vos | arrojaras | arrojase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | arrojare |
| Tú | arrojares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arrojare |
| Nosotros / as | arrojáremos |
| Vosotros / as | arrojareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arrojaren |
| Vos | arrojares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “throw!” and “don’t throw!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | arroja | no arrojes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arroje | no arroje |
| Nosotros / as | arrojemos | no arrojemos |
| Vosotros / as | arrojad | no arrojéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arrojen | no arrojen |
| Vos | arrojá | no arrojes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya arrojado |
| Tú | hayas arrojado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya arrojado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos arrojado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis arrojado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan arrojado |
| Vos | hayas arrojado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera arrojado / hubiese arrojado |
| Tú | hubieras arrojado / hubieses arrojado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera arrojado / hubiese arrojado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos arrojado / hubiésemos arrojado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais arrojado / hubieseis arrojado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran arrojado / hubiesen arrojado |
| Vos | hubieras arrojado / hubieses arrojado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere arrojado |
| Tú | hubieres arrojado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere arrojado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos arrojado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis arrojado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren arrojado |
| Vos | hubieres arrojado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté arrojando |
| Tú | estés arrojando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté arrojando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos arrojando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis arrojando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén arrojando |
| Vos | estés arrojando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera arrojando / estuviese arrojando |
| Tú | estuvieras arrojando / estuvieses arrojando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera arrojando / estuviese arrojando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos arrojando / estuviésamos arrojando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais arrojando / estuvieseis arrojando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera arrojando / estuviese arrojando |
| Vos | estuvieras arrojando / estuvieses arrojando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere arrojando |
| Tú | estuvieres arrojando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere arrojando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos arrojando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis arrojando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere arrojando |
| Vos | estuvieres arrojando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos arrojás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos arrojaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos arrojabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos arrojarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos arrojarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos arrojes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos arrojaras / Vos arrojase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos arrojá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no arrojes |