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Asumir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to assume, take on”.
Below are all of the conjugations for asumir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to assume, take on |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | asumir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está asumiendo) and past continuous (estaba asumiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. assuming).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he asumido and hubiera asumido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have assumed).
| Gerundio / Gerund | asumiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | asumido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I assume” or “they assume”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | asumo |
| Tú | asumes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | asume |
| Nosotros / as | asumimos |
| Vosotros / as | asumís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | asumen |
| Vos | asumís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I assumed” or “she assumed” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | asumí | I assumed |
| Tú | asumiste | You assumed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | asumió | He / she / you assumed |
| Nosotros / as | asumimos | We assumed |
| Vosotros / as | asumisteis | You assumed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | asumieron | They / you assumed |
| Vos | asumiste | You assumed |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was assuming” or “she was assuming” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | asumía | I was assuming |
| Tú | asumías | You were assuming |
| Él / Ella / Usted | asumía | He was / she was / you were assuming |
| Nosotros / as | asumíamos | We were assuming |
| Vosotros / as | asumíais | You were assuming |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | asumían | They / you were assuming |
| Vos | asumías | You were assuming |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have assumed” and “she has assumed”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he asumido | I have assumed |
| Tú | has asumido | You have assumed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha asumido | He has / she has / you have assumed |
| Nosotros / as | hemos asumido | We have assumed |
| Vosotros / as | habéis asumido | You have assumed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han asumido | They / you have assumed |
| Vos | has asumido | You have assumed |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would assume” or “she would assume”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | asumiría | I would assume |
| Tú | asumirías | You would assume |
| Él / Ella / Usted | asumiría | He / she / you would assume |
| Nosotros / as | asumiríamos | We would assume |
| Vosotros / as | asumiríais | You would assume |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | asumirían | They / you would assume |
| Vos | asumirías | You would assume |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will assume” or “they will assume”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a asumir” means “They are going to assume”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | asumiré | I will assume |
| Tú | asumirás | You will assume |
| Él / Ella / Usted | asumirá | He / she / you will assume |
| Nosotros / as | asumiremos | We will assume |
| Vosotros / as | asumiréis | You will assume |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | asumirán | They / you will assume |
| Vos | asumirás | You will assume |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | asuma |
| Tú | asumas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | asuma |
| Nosotros / as | asumamos |
| Vosotros / as | asumáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | asuman |
| Vos | asumas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | asumiera | asumiese |
| Tú | asumieras | asumiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | asumiera | asumiese |
| Nosotros / as | asumiéramos | asumiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | asumierais | asumieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | asumieran | asumiesen |
| Vos | asumieras | asumiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | asumiere |
| Tú | asumieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | asumiera |
| Nosotros / as | asumiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | asumiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | asumieren |
| Vos | asumieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “assume!” and “don’t assume!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | asume | no asumas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | asuma | no asuma |
| Nosotros / as | asumamos | no asumamos |
| Vosotros / as | asumid | no asumáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | asuman | no asuman |
| Vos | asumí | no asumas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya asumido |
| Tú | hayas asumido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya asumido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos asumido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis asumido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan asumido |
| Vos | hayas asumido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera asumido / hubiese asumido |
| Tú | hubieras asumido / hubieses asumido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera asumido / hubiese asumido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos asumido / hubiésemos asumido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais asumido / hubieseis asumido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran asumido / hubiesen asumido |
| Vos | hubieras asumido / hubieses asumido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere asumido |
| Tú | hubieres asumido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere asumido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos asumido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis asumido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren asumido |
| Vos | hubieres asumido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté asumiendo |
| Tú | estés asumiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté asumiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos asumiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis asumiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén asumiendo |
| Vos | estés asumiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera asumiendo / estuviese asumiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras asumiendo / estuvieses asumiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera asumiendo / estuviese asumiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos asumiendo / estuviésamos asumiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais asumiendo / estuvieseis asumiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera asumiendo / estuviese asumiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras asumiendo / estuvieses asumiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere asumiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres asumiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere asumiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos asumiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis asumiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere asumiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres asumiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos asumís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos asumiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos asumías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos asumirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos asumirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos asumas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos asumieras / Vos asumiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos asumí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no asumas |