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Azotar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to beat, flog, whip”.
Below are all of the conjugations for azotar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to beat, flog, whip |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | azotar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está azotando) and past continuous (estaba azotando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. beating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he azotado and hubiera azotado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have beaten).
| Gerundio / Gerund | azotando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | azotado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I beat” or “they beat”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | azoto |
| Tú | azotas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | azota |
| Nosotros / as | azotamos |
| Vosotros / as | azotáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | azotan |
| Vos | azotás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I beat” or “she beat” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | azoté | I beat |
| Tú | azotaste | You beat |
| Él / Ella / Usted | azotó | He / she / you beat |
| Nosotros / as | azotamos | We beat |
| Vosotros / as | azotasteis | You beat |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | azotaron | They / you beat |
| Vos | azotaste | You beat |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was beating” or “she was beating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | azotaba | I was beating |
| Tú | azotabas | You were beating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | azotaba | He was / she was / you were beating |
| Nosotros / as | azotábamos | We were beating |
| Vosotros / as | azotabais | You were beating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | azotaban | They / you were beating |
| Vos | azotabas | You were beating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have beaten” and “she has beaten”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he azotado | I have beaten |
| Tú | has azotado | You have beaten |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha azotado | He has / she has / you have beaten |
| Nosotros / as | hemos azotado | We have beaten |
| Vosotros / as | habéis azotado | You have beaten |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han azotado | They / you have beaten |
| Vos | has azotado | You have beaten |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would beat” or “she would beat”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | azotaría | I would beat |
| Tú | azotarías | You would beat |
| Él / Ella / Usted | azotaría | He / she / you would beat |
| Nosotros / as | azotaríamos | We would beat |
| Vosotros / as | azotaríais | You would beat |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | azotarían | They / you would beat |
| Vos | azotarías | You would beat |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will beat” or “they will beat”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a azotar” means “They are going to beat”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | azotaré | I will beat |
| Tú | azotarás | You will beat |
| Él / Ella / Usted | azotará | He / she / you will beat |
| Nosotros / as | azotaremos | We will beat |
| Vosotros / as | azotaréis | You will beat |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | azotarán | They / you will beat |
| Vos | azotarás | You will beat |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | azote |
| Tú | azotes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | azote |
| Nosotros / as | azotemos |
| Vosotros / as | azotéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | azoten |
| Vos | azotes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | azotara | azotase |
| Tú | azotaras | azotase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | azotara | azotase |
| Nosotros / as | azotáramos | azotásemos |
| Vosotros / as | azotarais | azotaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | azotaran | azotasen |
| Vos | azotaras | azotase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | azotare |
| Tú | azotares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | azotare |
| Nosotros / as | azotáremos |
| Vosotros / as | azotareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | azotaren |
| Vos | azotares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “beat!” and “don’t beat!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | azota | no azotes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | azote | no azote |
| Nosotros / as | azotemos | no azotemos |
| Vosotros / as | azotad | no azotéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | azoten | no azoten |
| Vos | azotá | no azotes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya azotado |
| Tú | hayas azotado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya azotado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos azotado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis azotado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan azotado |
| Vos | hayas azotado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera azotado / hubiese azotado |
| Tú | hubieras azotado / hubieses azotado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera azotado / hubiese azotado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos azotado / hubiésemos azotado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais azotado / hubieseis azotado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran azotado / hubiesen azotado |
| Vos | hubieras azotado / hubieses azotado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere azotado |
| Tú | hubieres azotado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere azotado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos azotado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis azotado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren azotado |
| Vos | hubieres azotado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté azotando |
| Tú | estés azotando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté azotando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos azotando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis azotando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén azotando |
| Vos | estés azotando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera azotando / estuviese azotando |
| Tú | estuvieras azotando / estuvieses azotando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera azotando / estuviese azotando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos azotando / estuviésamos azotando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais azotando / estuvieseis azotando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera azotando / estuviese azotando |
| Vos | estuvieras azotando / estuvieses azotando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere azotando |
| Tú | estuvieres azotando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere azotando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos azotando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis azotando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere azotando |
| Vos | estuvieres azotando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos azotás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos azotaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos azotabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos azotarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos azotarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos azotes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos azotaras / Vos azotase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos azotá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no azotes |