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Barnizar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to varnish, lacquer”.
Below are all of the conjugations for barnizar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to varnish, lacquer |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | barnizar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está barnizando) and past continuous (estaba barnizando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. varnishing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he barnizado and hubiera barnizado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have varnished).
| Gerundio / Gerund | barnizando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | barnizado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I varnish” or “they varnish”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | barnizo |
| Tú | barnizas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | barniza |
| Nosotros / as | barnizamos |
| Vosotros / as | barnizáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | barnizan |
| Vos | barnizás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I varnished” or “she varnished” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | barnicé | I varnished |
| Tú | barnizaste | You varnished |
| Él / Ella / Usted | barnizó | He / she / you varnished |
| Nosotros / as | barnizamos | We varnished |
| Vosotros / as | barnizasteis | You varnished |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | barnizaron | They / you varnished |
| Vos | barnizaste | You varnished |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was varnishing” or “she was varnishing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | barnizaba | I was varnishing |
| Tú | barnizabas | You were varnishing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | barnizaba | He was / she was / you were varnishing |
| Nosotros / as | barnizábamos | We were varnishing |
| Vosotros / as | barnizabais | You were varnishing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | barnizaban | They / you were varnishing |
| Vos | barnizabas | You were varnishing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have varnished” and “she has varnished”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he barnizado | I have varnished |
| Tú | has barnizado | You have varnished |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha barnizado | He has / she has / you have varnished |
| Nosotros / as | hemos barnizado | We have varnished |
| Vosotros / as | habéis barnizado | You have varnished |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han barnizado | They / you have varnished |
| Vos | has barnizado | You have varnished |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would varnish” or “she would varnish”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | barnizaría | I would varnish |
| Tú | barnizarías | You would varnish |
| Él / Ella / Usted | barnizaría | He / she / you would varnish |
| Nosotros / as | barnizaríamos | We would varnish |
| Vosotros / as | barnizaríais | You would varnish |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | barnizarían | They / you would varnish |
| Vos | barnizarías | You would varnish |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will varnish” or “they will varnish”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a barnizar” means “They are going to varnish”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | barnizaré | I will varnish |
| Tú | barnizarás | You will varnish |
| Él / Ella / Usted | barnizará | He / she / you will varnish |
| Nosotros / as | barnizaremos | We will varnish |
| Vosotros / as | barnizaréis | You will varnish |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | barnizarán | They / you will varnish |
| Vos | barnizarás | You will varnish |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | barnice |
| Tú | barnices |
| Él / Ella / Usted | barnice |
| Nosotros / as | barnicemos |
| Vosotros / as | barnicéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | barnicen |
| Vos | barnices |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | barnizara | barnizase |
| Tú | barnizaras | barnizase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | barnizara | barnizase |
| Nosotros / as | barnizáramos | barnizásemos |
| Vosotros / as | barnizarais | barnizaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | barnizaran | barnizasen |
| Vos | barnizaras | barnizase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | barnizare |
| Tú | barnizares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | barnizare |
| Nosotros / as | barnizáremos |
| Vosotros / as | barnizareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | barnizaren |
| Vos | barnizares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “varnish!” and “don’t varnish!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | barniza | no barnices |
| Él / Ella / Usted | barnice | no barnice |
| Nosotros / as | barnicemos | no barnicemos |
| Vosotros / as | barnizad | no barnicéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | barnicen | no barnicen |
| Vos | barnizá | no barnices |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya barnizado |
| Tú | hayas barnizado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya barnizado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos barnizado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis barnizado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan barnizado |
| Vos | hayas barnizado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera barnizado / hubiese barnizado |
| Tú | hubieras barnizado / hubieses barnizado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera barnizado / hubiese barnizado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos barnizado / hubiésemos barnizado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais barnizado / hubieseis barnizado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran barnizado / hubiesen barnizado |
| Vos | hubieras barnizado / hubieses barnizado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere barnizado |
| Tú | hubieres barnizado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere barnizado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos barnizado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis barnizado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren barnizado |
| Vos | hubieres barnizado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté barnizando |
| Tú | estés barnizando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté barnizando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos barnizando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis barnizando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén barnizando |
| Vos | estés barnizando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera barnizando / estuviese barnizando |
| Tú | estuvieras barnizando / estuvieses barnizando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera barnizando / estuviese barnizando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos barnizando / estuviésamos barnizando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais barnizando / estuvieseis barnizando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera barnizando / estuviese barnizando |
| Vos | estuvieras barnizando / estuvieses barnizando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere barnizando |
| Tú | estuvieres barnizando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere barnizando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos barnizando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis barnizando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere barnizando |
| Vos | estuvieres barnizando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos barnizás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos barnizaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos barnizabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos barnizarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos barnizarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos barnices |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos barnizaras / Vos barnizase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos barnizá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no barnices |