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Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Brotar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to sprout, bud, rise (water)”.
Below are all of the conjugations for brotar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to sprout, bud, rise (water) |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | brotar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está brotando) and past continuous (estaba brotando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. sprouting).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he brotado and hubiera brotado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have sprouted).
| Gerundio / Gerund | brotando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | brotado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I sprout” or “they sprout”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | broto |
| Tú | brotas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | brota |
| Nosotros / as | brotamos |
| Vosotros / as | brotáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | brotan |
| Vos | brotás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I sprouted” or “she sprouted” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | broté | I sprouted |
| Tú | brotaste | You sprouted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | brotó | He / she / you sprouted |
| Nosotros / as | brotamos | We sprouted |
| Vosotros / as | brotasteis | You sprouted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | brotaron | They / you sprouted |
| Vos | brotaste | You sprouted |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was sprouting” or “she was sprouting” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | brotaba | I was sprouting |
| Tú | brotabas | You were sprouting |
| Él / Ella / Usted | brotaba | He was / she was / you were sprouting |
| Nosotros / as | brotábamos | We were sprouting |
| Vosotros / as | brotabais | You were sprouting |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | brotaban | They / you were sprouting |
| Vos | brotabas | You were sprouting |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have sprouted” and “she has sprouted”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he brotado | I have sprouted |
| Tú | has brotado | You have sprouted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha brotado | He has / she has / you have sprouted |
| Nosotros / as | hemos brotado | We have sprouted |
| Vosotros / as | habéis brotado | You have sprouted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han brotado | They / you have sprouted |
| Vos | has brotado | You have sprouted |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would sprout” or “she would sprout”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | brotaría | I would sprout |
| Tú | brotarías | You would sprout |
| Él / Ella / Usted | brotaría | He / she / you would sprout |
| Nosotros / as | brotaríamos | We would sprout |
| Vosotros / as | brotaríais | You would sprout |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | brotarían | They / you would sprout |
| Vos | brotarías | You would sprout |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will sprout” or “they will sprout”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a brotar” means “They are going to sprout”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | brotaré | I will sprout |
| Tú | brotarás | You will sprout |
| Él / Ella / Usted | brotará | He / she / you will sprout |
| Nosotros / as | brotaremos | We will sprout |
| Vosotros / as | brotaréis | You will sprout |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | brotarán | They / you will sprout |
| Vos | brotarás | You will sprout |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | brote |
| Tú | brotes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | brote |
| Nosotros / as | brotemos |
| Vosotros / as | brotéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | broten |
| Vos | brotes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | brotara | brotase |
| Tú | brotaras | brotase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | brotara | brotase |
| Nosotros / as | brotáramos | brotásemos |
| Vosotros / as | brotarais | brotaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | brotaran | brotasen |
| Vos | brotaras | brotase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | brotare |
| Tú | brotares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | brotare |
| Nosotros / as | brotáremos |
| Vosotros / as | brotareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | brotaren |
| Vos | brotares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “sprout!” and “don’t sprout!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | brota | no brotes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | brote | no brote |
| Nosotros / as | brotemos | no brotemos |
| Vosotros / as | brotad | no brotéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | broten | no broten |
| Vos | brotá | no brotes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya brotado |
| Tú | hayas brotado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya brotado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos brotado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis brotado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan brotado |
| Vos | hayas brotado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera brotado / hubiese brotado |
| Tú | hubieras brotado / hubieses brotado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera brotado / hubiese brotado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos brotado / hubiésemos brotado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais brotado / hubieseis brotado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran brotado / hubiesen brotado |
| Vos | hubieras brotado / hubieses brotado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere brotado |
| Tú | hubieres brotado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere brotado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos brotado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis brotado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren brotado |
| Vos | hubieres brotado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté brotando |
| Tú | estés brotando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté brotando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos brotando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis brotando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén brotando |
| Vos | estés brotando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera brotando / estuviese brotando |
| Tú | estuvieras brotando / estuvieses brotando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera brotando / estuviese brotando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos brotando / estuviésamos brotando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais brotando / estuvieseis brotando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera brotando / estuviese brotando |
| Vos | estuvieras brotando / estuvieses brotando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere brotando |
| Tú | estuvieres brotando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere brotando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos brotando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis brotando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere brotando |
| Vos | estuvieres brotando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos brotás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos brotaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos brotabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos brotarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos brotarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos brotes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos brotaras / Vos brotase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos brotá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no brotes |