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Caducar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to become void, expire (a right, passport)”.
Below are all of the conjugations for caducar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to become void, expire (a right, passport) |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | caducar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está caducando) and past continuous (estaba caducando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. expiring).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he caducado and hubiera caducado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have expired).
| Gerundio / Gerund | caducando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | caducado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I expire” or “they expire”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | caduco |
| Tú | caducas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | caduca |
| Nosotros / as | caducamos |
| Vosotros / as | caducáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | caducan |
| Vos | caducás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I expired” or “she expired” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | caduqué | I expired |
| Tú | caducaste | You expired |
| Él / Ella / Usted | caducó | He / she / you expired |
| Nosotros / as | caducamos | We expired |
| Vosotros / as | caducasteis | You expired |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | caducaron | They / you expired |
| Vos | caducaste | You expired |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was expiring” or “she was expiring” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | caducaba | I was expiring |
| Tú | caducabas | You were expiring |
| Él / Ella / Usted | caducaba | He was / she was / you were expiring |
| Nosotros / as | caducábamos | We were expiring |
| Vosotros / as | caducabais | You were expiring |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | caducaban | They / you were expiring |
| Vos | caducabas | You were expiring |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have expired” and “she has expired”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he caducado | I have expired |
| Tú | has caducado | You have expired |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha caducado | He has / she has / you have expired |
| Nosotros / as | hemos caducado | We have expired |
| Vosotros / as | habéis caducado | You have expired |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han caducado | They / you have expired |
| Vos | has caducado | You have expired |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would expire” or “she would expire”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | caducaría | I would expire |
| Tú | caducarías | You would expire |
| Él / Ella / Usted | caducaría | He / she / you would expire |
| Nosotros / as | caducaríamos | We would expire |
| Vosotros / as | caducaríais | You would expire |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | caducarían | They / you would expire |
| Vos | caducarías | You would expire |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will expire” or “they will expire”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a caducar” means “They are going to expire”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | caducaré | I will expire |
| Tú | caducarás | You will expire |
| Él / Ella / Usted | caducará | He / she / you will expire |
| Nosotros / as | caducaremos | We will expire |
| Vosotros / as | caducaréis | You will expire |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | caducarán | They / you will expire |
| Vos | caducarás | You will expire |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | caduque |
| Tú | caduques |
| Él / Ella / Usted | caduque |
| Nosotros / as | caduquemos |
| Vosotros / as | caduquéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | caduquen |
| Vos | caduques |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | caducara | caducase |
| Tú | caducaras | caducase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | caducara | caducase |
| Nosotros / as | caducáramos | caducásemos |
| Vosotros / as | caducarais | caducaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | caducaran | caducasen |
| Vos | caducaras | caducase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | caducare |
| Tú | caducares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | caducare |
| Nosotros / as | caducáremos |
| Vosotros / as | caducareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | caducaren |
| Vos | caducares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “expire!” and “don’t expire!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | caduca | no caduques |
| Él / Ella / Usted | caduque | no caduque |
| Nosotros / as | caduquemos | no caduquemos |
| Vosotros / as | caducad | no caduquéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | caduquen | no caduquen |
| Vos | caducá | no caduques |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya caducado |
| Tú | hayas caducado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya caducado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos caducado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis caducado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan caducado |
| Vos | hayas caducado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera caducado / hubiese caducado |
| Tú | hubieras caducado / hubieses caducado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera caducado / hubiese caducado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos caducado / hubiésemos caducado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais caducado / hubieseis caducado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran caducado / hubiesen caducado |
| Vos | hubieras caducado / hubieses caducado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere caducado |
| Tú | hubieres caducado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere caducado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos caducado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis caducado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren caducado |
| Vos | hubieres caducado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté caducando |
| Tú | estés caducando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté caducando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos caducando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis caducando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén caducando |
| Vos | estés caducando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera caducando / estuviese caducando |
| Tú | estuvieras caducando / estuvieses caducando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera caducando / estuviese caducando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos caducando / estuviésamos caducando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais caducando / estuvieseis caducando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera caducando / estuviese caducando |
| Vos | estuvieras caducando / estuvieses caducando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere caducando |
| Tú | estuvieres caducando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere caducando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos caducando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis caducando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere caducando |
| Vos | estuvieres caducando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos caducás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos caducaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos caducabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos caducarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos caducarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos caduques |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos caducaras / Vos caducase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos caducá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no caduques |