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Calcular is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to calculate, think”.
Below are all of the conjugations for calcular in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to calculate, think |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | calcular |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está calculando) and past continuous (estaba calculando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. calculating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he calculado and hubiera calculado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have calculated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | calculando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | calculado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I calculate” or “they calculate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | calculo |
| Tú | calculas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | calcula |
| Nosotros / as | calculamos |
| Vosotros / as | calculáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | calculan |
| Vos | calculás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I calculated” or “she calculated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | calculé | I calculated |
| Tú | calculaste | You calculated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | calculó | He / she / you calculated |
| Nosotros / as | calculamos | We calculated |
| Vosotros / as | calculasteis | You calculated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | calcularon | They / you calculated |
| Vos | calculaste | You calculated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was calculating” or “she was calculating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | calculaba | I was calculating |
| Tú | calculabas | You were calculating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | calculaba | He was / she was / you were calculating |
| Nosotros / as | calculábamos | We were calculating |
| Vosotros / as | calculabais | You were calculating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | calculaban | They / you were calculating |
| Vos | calculabas | You were calculating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have calculated” and “she has calculated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he calculado | I have calculated |
| Tú | has calculado | You have calculated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha calculado | He has / she has / you have calculated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos calculado | We have calculated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis calculado | You have calculated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han calculado | They / you have calculated |
| Vos | has calculado | You have calculated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would calculate” or “she would calculate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | calcularía | I would calculate |
| Tú | calcularías | You would calculate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | calcularía | He / she / you would calculate |
| Nosotros / as | calcularíamos | We would calculate |
| Vosotros / as | calcularíais | You would calculate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | calcularían | They / you would calculate |
| Vos | calcularías | You would calculate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will calculate” or “they will calculate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a calcular” means “They are going to calculate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | calcularé | I will calculate |
| Tú | calcularás | You will calculate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | calculará | He / she / you will calculate |
| Nosotros / as | calcularemos | We will calculate |
| Vosotros / as | calcularéis | You will calculate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | calcularán | They / you will calculate |
| Vos | calcularás | You will calculate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | calcule |
| Tú | calcules |
| Él / Ella / Usted | calcule |
| Nosotros / as | calculemos |
| Vosotros / as | calculéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | calculen |
| Vos | calcules |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | calculara | calculase |
| Tú | calcularas | calculase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | calculara | calculase |
| Nosotros / as | calculáramos | calculásemos |
| Vosotros / as | calcularais | calculaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | calcularan | calculasen |
| Vos | calcularas | calculase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | calculare |
| Tú | calculares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | calculare |
| Nosotros / as | calculáremos |
| Vosotros / as | calculareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | calcularen |
| Vos | calculares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “calculate!” and “don’t calculate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | calcula | no calcules |
| Él / Ella / Usted | calcule | no calcule |
| Nosotros / as | calculemos | no calculemos |
| Vosotros / as | calculad | no calculéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | calculen | no calculen |
| Vos | calculá | no calcules |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya calculado |
| Tú | hayas calculado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya calculado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos calculado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis calculado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan calculado |
| Vos | hayas calculado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera calculado / hubiese calculado |
| Tú | hubieras calculado / hubieses calculado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera calculado / hubiese calculado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos calculado / hubiésemos calculado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais calculado / hubieseis calculado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran calculado / hubiesen calculado |
| Vos | hubieras calculado / hubieses calculado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere calculado |
| Tú | hubieres calculado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere calculado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos calculado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis calculado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren calculado |
| Vos | hubieres calculado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté calculando |
| Tú | estés calculando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté calculando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos calculando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis calculando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén calculando |
| Vos | estés calculando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera calculando / estuviese calculando |
| Tú | estuvieras calculando / estuvieses calculando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera calculando / estuviese calculando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos calculando / estuviésamos calculando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais calculando / estuvieseis calculando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera calculando / estuviese calculando |
| Vos | estuvieras calculando / estuvieses calculando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere calculando |
| Tú | estuvieres calculando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere calculando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos calculando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis calculando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere calculando |
| Vos | estuvieres calculando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos calculás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos calculaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos calculabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos calcularías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos calcularás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos calcules |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos calcularas / Vos calculase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos calculá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no calcules |