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Capacitar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to train, equip, train oneself,”.
Below are all of the conjugations for capacitar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to train, equip, train oneself, |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | capacitar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está capacitando) and past continuous (estaba capacitando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. training oneself).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he capacitado and hubiera capacitado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have trained oneself).
| Gerundio / Gerund | capacitando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | capacitado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I train oneself” or “they train oneself”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | capacito |
| Tú | capacitas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capacita |
| Nosotros / as | capacitamos |
| Vosotros / as | capacitáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capacitan |
| Vos | capacitás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I trained oneself” or “she trained oneself” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | capacité | I trained oneself |
| Tú | capacitaste | You trained oneself |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capacitó | He / she / you trained oneself |
| Nosotros / as | capacitamos | We trained oneself |
| Vosotros / as | capacitasteis | You trained oneself |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capacitaron | They / you trained oneself |
| Vos | capacitaste | You trained oneself |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was training oneself” or “she was training oneself” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | capacitaba | I was training oneself |
| Tú | capacitabas | You were training oneself |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capacitaba | He was / she was / you were training oneself |
| Nosotros / as | capacitábamos | We were training oneself |
| Vosotros / as | capacitabais | You were training oneself |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capacitaban | They / you were training oneself |
| Vos | capacitabas | You were training oneself |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have trained oneself” and “she has trained oneself”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he capacitado | I have trained oneself |
| Tú | has capacitado | You have trained oneself |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha capacitado | He has / she has / you have trained oneself |
| Nosotros / as | hemos capacitado | We have trained oneself |
| Vosotros / as | habéis capacitado | You have trained oneself |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han capacitado | They / you have trained oneself |
| Vos | has capacitado | You have trained oneself |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would train oneself” or “she would train oneself”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | capacitaría | I would train oneself |
| Tú | capacitarías | You would train oneself |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capacitaría | He / she / you would train oneself |
| Nosotros / as | capacitaríamos | We would train oneself |
| Vosotros / as | capacitaríais | You would train oneself |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capacitarían | They / you would train oneself |
| Vos | capacitarías | You would train oneself |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will train oneself” or “they will train oneself”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a capacitar” means “They are going to train oneself”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | capacitaré | I will train oneself |
| Tú | capacitarás | You will train oneself |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capacitará | He / she / you will train oneself |
| Nosotros / as | capacitaremos | We will train oneself |
| Vosotros / as | capacitaréis | You will train oneself |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capacitarán | They / you will train oneself |
| Vos | capacitarás | You will train oneself |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | capacite |
| Tú | capacites |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capacite |
| Nosotros / as | capacitemos |
| Vosotros / as | capacitéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capaciten |
| Vos | capacites |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | capacitara | capacitase |
| Tú | capacitaras | capacitase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capacitara | capacitase |
| Nosotros / as | capacitáramos | capacitásemos |
| Vosotros / as | capacitarais | capacitaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capacitaran | capacitasen |
| Vos | capacitaras | capacitase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | capacitare |
| Tú | capacitares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capacitare |
| Nosotros / as | capacitáremos |
| Vosotros / as | capacitareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capacitaren |
| Vos | capacitares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “train oneself!” and “don’t train oneself!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | capacita | no capacites |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capacite | no capacite |
| Nosotros / as | capacitemos | no capacitemos |
| Vosotros / as | capacitad | no capacitéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capaciten | no capaciten |
| Vos | capacitá | no capacites |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya capacitado |
| Tú | hayas capacitado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya capacitado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos capacitado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis capacitado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan capacitado |
| Vos | hayas capacitado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera capacitado / hubiese capacitado |
| Tú | hubieras capacitado / hubieses capacitado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera capacitado / hubiese capacitado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos capacitado / hubiésemos capacitado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais capacitado / hubieseis capacitado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran capacitado / hubiesen capacitado |
| Vos | hubieras capacitado / hubieses capacitado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere capacitado |
| Tú | hubieres capacitado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere capacitado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos capacitado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis capacitado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren capacitado |
| Vos | hubieres capacitado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté capacitando |
| Tú | estés capacitando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté capacitando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos capacitando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis capacitando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén capacitando |
| Vos | estés capacitando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera capacitando / estuviese capacitando |
| Tú | estuvieras capacitando / estuvieses capacitando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera capacitando / estuviese capacitando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos capacitando / estuviésamos capacitando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais capacitando / estuvieseis capacitando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera capacitando / estuviese capacitando |
| Vos | estuvieras capacitando / estuvieses capacitando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere capacitando |
| Tú | estuvieres capacitando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere capacitando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos capacitando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis capacitando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere capacitando |
| Vos | estuvieres capacitando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos capacitás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos capacitaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos capacitabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos capacitarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos capacitarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos capacites |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos capacitaras / Vos capacitase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos capacitá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no capacites |