Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Menu
Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Capitular is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to capitulate, surrender, give up”.
Below are all of the conjugations for capitular in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to capitulate, surrender, give up |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | capitular |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está capitulando) and past continuous (estaba capitulando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. surrendering).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he capitulado and hubiera capitulado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have surrendered).
| Gerundio / Gerund | capitulando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | capitulado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I surrender” or “they surrender”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | capitulo |
| Tú | capitulas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capitula |
| Nosotros / as | capitulamos |
| Vosotros / as | capituláis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capitulan |
| Vos | capitulás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I surrendered” or “she surrendered” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | capitulé | I surrendered |
| Tú | capitulaste | You surrendered |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capituló | He / she / you surrendered |
| Nosotros / as | capitulamos | We surrendered |
| Vosotros / as | capitulasteis | You surrendered |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capitularon | They / you surrendered |
| Vos | capitulaste | You surrendered |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was surrendering” or “she was surrendering” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | capitulaba | I was surrendering |
| Tú | capitulabas | You were surrendering |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capitulaba | He was / she was / you were surrendering |
| Nosotros / as | capitulábamos | We were surrendering |
| Vosotros / as | capitulabais | You were surrendering |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capitulaban | They / you were surrendering |
| Vos | capitulabas | You were surrendering |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have surrendered” and “she has surrendered”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he capitulado | I have surrendered |
| Tú | has capitulado | You have surrendered |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha capitulado | He has / she has / you have surrendered |
| Nosotros / as | hemos capitulado | We have surrendered |
| Vosotros / as | habéis capitulado | You have surrendered |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han capitulado | They / you have surrendered |
| Vos | has capitulado | You have surrendered |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would surrender” or “she would surrender”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | capitularía | I would surrender |
| Tú | capitularías | You would surrender |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capitularía | He / she / you would surrender |
| Nosotros / as | capitularíamos | We would surrender |
| Vosotros / as | capitularíais | You would surrender |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capitularían | They / you would surrender |
| Vos | capitularías | You would surrender |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will surrender” or “they will surrender”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a capitular” means “They are going to surrender”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | capitularé | I will surrender |
| Tú | capitularás | You will surrender |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capitulará | He / she / you will surrender |
| Nosotros / as | capitularemos | We will surrender |
| Vosotros / as | capitularéis | You will surrender |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capitularán | They / you will surrender |
| Vos | capitularás | You will surrender |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | capitule |
| Tú | capitules |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capitule |
| Nosotros / as | capitulemos |
| Vosotros / as | capituléis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capitulen |
| Vos | capitules |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | capitulara | capitulase |
| Tú | capitularas | capitulase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capitulara | capitulase |
| Nosotros / as | capituláramos | capitulásemos |
| Vosotros / as | capitularais | capitulaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capitularan | capitulasen |
| Vos | capitularas | capitulase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | capitulare |
| Tú | capitulares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capitulare |
| Nosotros / as | capituláremos |
| Vosotros / as | capitulareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capitularen |
| Vos | capitulares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “surrender!” and “don’t surrender!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | capitula | no capitules |
| Él / Ella / Usted | capitule | no capitule |
| Nosotros / as | capitulemos | no capitulemos |
| Vosotros / as | capitulad | no capituléis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | capitulen | no capitulen |
| Vos | capitulá | no capitules |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya capitulado |
| Tú | hayas capitulado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya capitulado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos capitulado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis capitulado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan capitulado |
| Vos | hayas capitulado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera capitulado / hubiese capitulado |
| Tú | hubieras capitulado / hubieses capitulado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera capitulado / hubiese capitulado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos capitulado / hubiésemos capitulado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais capitulado / hubieseis capitulado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran capitulado / hubiesen capitulado |
| Vos | hubieras capitulado / hubieses capitulado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere capitulado |
| Tú | hubieres capitulado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere capitulado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos capitulado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis capitulado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren capitulado |
| Vos | hubieres capitulado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté capitulando |
| Tú | estés capitulando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté capitulando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos capitulando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis capitulando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén capitulando |
| Vos | estés capitulando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera capitulando / estuviese capitulando |
| Tú | estuvieras capitulando / estuvieses capitulando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera capitulando / estuviese capitulando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos capitulando / estuviésamos capitulando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais capitulando / estuvieseis capitulando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera capitulando / estuviese capitulando |
| Vos | estuvieras capitulando / estuvieses capitulando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere capitulando |
| Tú | estuvieres capitulando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere capitulando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos capitulando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis capitulando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere capitulando |
| Vos | estuvieres capitulando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos capitulás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos capitulaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos capitulabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos capitularías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos capitularás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos capitules |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos capitularas / Vos capitulase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos capitulá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no capitules |