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Ceder is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to cede, yield, give in to, hand over”.
Below are all of the conjugations for ceder in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to cede, yield, give in to, hand over |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | ceder |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está cediendo) and past continuous (estaba cediendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. yielding).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he cedido and hubiera cedido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have yielded).
| Gerundio / Gerund | cediendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | cedido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I yield” or “they yield”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | cedo |
| Tú | cedes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cede |
| Nosotros / as | cedemos |
| Vosotros / as | cedéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ceden |
| Vos | cedés |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I yielded” or “she yielded” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cedí | I yielded |
| Tú | cediste | You yielded |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cedió | He / she / you yielded |
| Nosotros / as | cedimos | We yielded |
| Vosotros / as | cedisteis | You yielded |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cedieron | They / you yielded |
| Vos | cediste | You yielded |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was yielding” or “she was yielding” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cedía | I was yielding |
| Tú | cedías | You were yielding |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cedía | He was / she was / you were yielding |
| Nosotros / as | cedíamos | We were yielding |
| Vosotros / as | cedíais | You were yielding |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cedían | They / you were yielding |
| Vos | cedías | You were yielding |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have yielded” and “she has yielded”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he cedido | I have yielded |
| Tú | has cedido | You have yielded |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha cedido | He has / she has / you have yielded |
| Nosotros / as | hemos cedido | We have yielded |
| Vosotros / as | habéis cedido | You have yielded |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han cedido | They / you have yielded |
| Vos | has cedido | You have yielded |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would yield” or “she would yield”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cedería | I would yield |
| Tú | cederías | You would yield |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cedería | He / she / you would yield |
| Nosotros / as | cederíamos | We would yield |
| Vosotros / as | cederíais | You would yield |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cederían | They / you would yield |
| Vos | cederías | You would yield |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will yield” or “they will yield”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a ceder” means “They are going to yield”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cederé | I will yield |
| Tú | cederás | You will yield |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cederá | He / she / you will yield |
| Nosotros / as | cederemos | We will yield |
| Vosotros / as | cederéis | You will yield |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cederán | They / you will yield |
| Vos | cederás | You will yield |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | ceda |
| Tú | cedas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ceda |
| Nosotros / as | cedamos |
| Vosotros / as | cedáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cedan |
| Vos | cedas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cediera | cediese |
| Tú | cedieras | cediese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cediera | cediese |
| Nosotros / as | cediéramos | cediésemos |
| Vosotros / as | cedierais | cedieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cedieran | cediesen |
| Vos | cedieras | cediese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | cediere |
| Tú | cedieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cediere |
| Nosotros / as | cediéremos |
| Vosotros / as | cediereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cedieren |
| Vos | cedieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “yield!” and “don’t yield!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | cede | no cedas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ceda | no ceda |
| Nosotros / as | cedamos | no cedamos |
| Vosotros / as | ceded | no cedáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cedan | no cedan |
| Vos | cedé | no cedas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya cedido |
| Tú | hayas cedido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya cedido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos cedido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis cedido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan cedido |
| Vos | hayas cedido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera cedido / hubiese cedido |
| Tú | hubieras cedido / hubieses cedido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera cedido / hubiese cedido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos cedido / hubiésemos cedido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais cedido / hubieseis cedido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran cedido / hubiesen cedido |
| Vos | hubieras cedido / hubieses cedido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere cedido |
| Tú | hubieres cedido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere cedido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos cedido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis cedido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren cedido |
| Vos | hubieres cedido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté cediendo |
| Tú | estés cediendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté cediendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos cediendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis cediendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén cediendo |
| Vos | estés cediendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera cediendo / estuviese cediendo |
| Tú | estuvieras cediendo / estuvieses cediendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera cediendo / estuviese cediendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos cediendo / estuviésamos cediendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais cediendo / estuvieseis cediendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera cediendo / estuviese cediendo |
| Vos | estuvieras cediendo / estuvieses cediendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere cediendo |
| Tú | estuvieres cediendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere cediendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos cediendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis cediendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere cediendo |
| Vos | estuvieres cediendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos cedés |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos cediste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos cedías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos cederías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos cederás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos cedas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos cedieras / Vos cediese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos cedé |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no cedas |