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Cesar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to cease, stop, come to an end”.
Below are all of the conjugations for cesar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to cease, stop, come to an end |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | cesar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está cesando) and past continuous (estaba cesando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. ceasing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he cesado and hubiera cesado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have ceased).
| Gerundio / Gerund | cesando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | cesado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I cease” or “they cease”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | ceso |
| Tú | cesas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cesa |
| Nosotros / as | cesamos |
| Vosotros / as | cesáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cesan |
| Vos | cesás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I ceased” or “she ceased” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cesé | I ceased |
| Tú | cesaste | You ceased |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cesó | He / she / you ceased |
| Nosotros / as | cesamos | We ceased |
| Vosotros / as | cesasteis | You ceased |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cesaron | They / you ceased |
| Vos | cesaste | You ceased |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was ceasing” or “she was ceasing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cesaba | I was ceasing |
| Tú | cesabas | You were ceasing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cesaba | He was / she was / you were ceasing |
| Nosotros / as | cesábamos | We were ceasing |
| Vosotros / as | cesabais | You were ceasing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cesaban | They / you were ceasing |
| Vos | cesabas | You were ceasing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have ceased” and “she has ceased”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he cesado | I have ceased |
| Tú | has cesado | You have ceased |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha cesado | He has / she has / you have ceased |
| Nosotros / as | hemos cesado | We have ceased |
| Vosotros / as | habéis cesado | You have ceased |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han cesado | They / you have ceased |
| Vos | has cesado | You have ceased |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would cease” or “she would cease”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cesaría | I would cease |
| Tú | cesarías | You would cease |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cesaría | He / she / you would cease |
| Nosotros / as | cesaríamos | We would cease |
| Vosotros / as | cesaríais | You would cease |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cesarían | They / you would cease |
| Vos | cesarías | You would cease |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will cease” or “they will cease”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a cesar” means “They are going to cease”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cesaré | I will cease |
| Tú | cesarás | You will cease |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cesará | He / she / you will cease |
| Nosotros / as | cesaremos | We will cease |
| Vosotros / as | cesaréis | You will cease |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cesarán | They / you will cease |
| Vos | cesarás | You will cease |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | cese |
| Tú | ceses |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cese |
| Nosotros / as | cesemos |
| Vosotros / as | ceséis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cesen |
| Vos | ceses |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cesara | cesase |
| Tú | cesaras | cesase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cesara | cesase |
| Nosotros / as | cesáramos | cesásemos |
| Vosotros / as | cesarais | cesaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cesaran | cesasen |
| Vos | cesaras | cesase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | cesare |
| Tú | cesares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cesare |
| Nosotros / as | cesáremos |
| Vosotros / as | cesareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cesaren |
| Vos | cesares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “cease!” and “don’t cease!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | cesa | no ceses |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cese | no cese |
| Nosotros / as | cesemos | no cesemos |
| Vosotros / as | cesad | no ceséis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cesen | no cesen |
| Vos | cesá | no ceses |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya cesado |
| Tú | hayas cesado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya cesado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos cesado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis cesado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan cesado |
| Vos | hayas cesado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera cesado / hubiese cesado |
| Tú | hubieras cesado / hubieses cesado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera cesado / hubiese cesado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos cesado / hubiésemos cesado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais cesado / hubieseis cesado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran cesado / hubiesen cesado |
| Vos | hubieras cesado / hubieses cesado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere cesado |
| Tú | hubieres cesado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere cesado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos cesado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis cesado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren cesado |
| Vos | hubieres cesado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté cesando |
| Tú | estés cesando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté cesando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos cesando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis cesando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén cesando |
| Vos | estés cesando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera cesando / estuviese cesando |
| Tú | estuvieras cesando / estuvieses cesando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera cesando / estuviese cesando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos cesando / estuviésamos cesando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais cesando / estuvieseis cesando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera cesando / estuviese cesando |
| Vos | estuvieras cesando / estuvieses cesando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere cesando |
| Tú | estuvieres cesando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere cesando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos cesando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis cesando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere cesando |
| Vos | estuvieres cesando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos cesás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos cesaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos cesabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos cesarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos cesarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos ceses |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos cesaras / Vos cesase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos cesá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no ceses |