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Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Chamuscar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to scorch”.
Below are all of the conjugations for chamuscar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to scorch |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | chamuscar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está chamuscando) and past continuous (estaba chamuscando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. scorching).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he chamuscado and hubiera chamuscado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have scorched).
| Gerundio / Gerund | chamuscando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | chamuscado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I scorch” or “they scorch”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | chamusco |
| Tú | chamuscas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | chamusca |
| Nosotros / as | chamuscamos |
| Vosotros / as | chamuscáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chamuscan |
| Vos | chamuscás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I scorched” or “she scorched” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | chamusqué | I scorched |
| Tú | chamuscaste | You scorched |
| Él / Ella / Usted | chamuscó | He / she / you scorched |
| Nosotros / as | chamuscamos | We scorched |
| Vosotros / as | chamuscasteis | You scorched |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chamuscaron | They / you scorched |
| Vos | chamuscaste | You scorched |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was scorching” or “she was scorching” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | chamuscaba | I was scorching |
| Tú | chamuscabas | You were scorching |
| Él / Ella / Usted | chamuscaba | He was / she was / you were scorching |
| Nosotros / as | chamuscábamos | We were scorching |
| Vosotros / as | chamuscabais | You were scorching |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chamuscaban | They / you were scorching |
| Vos | chamuscabas | You were scorching |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have scorched” and “she has scorched”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he chamuscado | I have scorched |
| Tú | has chamuscado | You have scorched |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha chamuscado | He has / she has / you have scorched |
| Nosotros / as | hemos chamuscado | We have scorched |
| Vosotros / as | habéis chamuscado | You have scorched |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han chamuscado | They / you have scorched |
| Vos | has chamuscado | You have scorched |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would scorch” or “she would scorch”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | chamuscaría | I would scorch |
| Tú | chamuscarías | You would scorch |
| Él / Ella / Usted | chamuscaría | He / she / you would scorch |
| Nosotros / as | chamuscaríamos | We would scorch |
| Vosotros / as | chamuscaríais | You would scorch |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chamuscarían | They / you would scorch |
| Vos | chamuscarías | You would scorch |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will scorch” or “they will scorch”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a chamuscar” means “They are going to scorch”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | chamuscaré | I will scorch |
| Tú | chamuscarás | You will scorch |
| Él / Ella / Usted | chamuscará | He / she / you will scorch |
| Nosotros / as | chamuscaremos | We will scorch |
| Vosotros / as | chamuscaréis | You will scorch |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chamuscarán | They / you will scorch |
| Vos | chamuscarás | You will scorch |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | chamusque |
| Tú | chamusques |
| Él / Ella / Usted | chamusque |
| Nosotros / as | chamusquemos |
| Vosotros / as | chamusquéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chamusquen |
| Vos | chamusques |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | chamuscara | chamuscase |
| Tú | chamuscaras | chamuscase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | chamuscara | chamuscase |
| Nosotros / as | chamuscáramos | chamuscásemos |
| Vosotros / as | chamuscarais | chamuscaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chamuscaran | chamuscasen |
| Vos | chamuscaras | chamuscase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | chamuscare |
| Tú | chamuscares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | chamuscare |
| Nosotros / as | chamuscáremos |
| Vosotros / as | chamuscareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chamuscaren |
| Vos | chamuscares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “scorch!” and “don’t scorch!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | chamusca | no chamusques |
| Él / Ella / Usted | chamusque | no chamusque |
| Nosotros / as | chamusquemos | no chamusquemos |
| Vosotros / as | chamuscad | no chamusquéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chamusquen | no chamusquen |
| Vos | chamuscá | no chamusques |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya chamuscado |
| Tú | hayas chamuscado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya chamuscado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos chamuscado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis chamuscado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan chamuscado |
| Vos | hayas chamuscado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera chamuscado / hubiese chamuscado |
| Tú | hubieras chamuscado / hubieses chamuscado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera chamuscado / hubiese chamuscado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos chamuscado / hubiésemos chamuscado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais chamuscado / hubieseis chamuscado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran chamuscado / hubiesen chamuscado |
| Vos | hubieras chamuscado / hubieses chamuscado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere chamuscado |
| Tú | hubieres chamuscado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere chamuscado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos chamuscado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis chamuscado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren chamuscado |
| Vos | hubieres chamuscado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté chamuscando |
| Tú | estés chamuscando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté chamuscando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos chamuscando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis chamuscando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén chamuscando |
| Vos | estés chamuscando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera chamuscando / estuviese chamuscando |
| Tú | estuvieras chamuscando / estuvieses chamuscando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera chamuscando / estuviese chamuscando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos chamuscando / estuviésamos chamuscando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais chamuscando / estuvieseis chamuscando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera chamuscando / estuviese chamuscando |
| Vos | estuvieras chamuscando / estuvieses chamuscando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere chamuscando |
| Tú | estuvieres chamuscando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere chamuscando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos chamuscando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis chamuscando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere chamuscando |
| Vos | estuvieres chamuscando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos chamuscás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos chamuscaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos chamuscabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos chamuscarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos chamuscarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos chamusques |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos chamuscaras / Vos chamuscase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos chamuscá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no chamusques |