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Chocar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to collide, crash, clash, hit, run into”.
Below are all of the conjugations for chocar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to collide, crash, clash, hit, run into |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | chocar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está chocando) and past continuous (estaba chocando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. colliding).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he chocado and hubiera chocado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have collided).
| Gerundio / Gerund | chocando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | chocado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I collide” or “they collide”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | choco |
| Tú | chocas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | choca |
| Nosotros / as | chocamos |
| Vosotros / as | chocáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chocan |
| Vos | chocás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I collided” or “she collided” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | choqué | I collided |
| Tú | chocaste | You collided |
| Él / Ella / Usted | chocó | He / she / you collided |
| Nosotros / as | chocamos | We collided |
| Vosotros / as | chocasteis | You collided |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chocaron | They / you collided |
| Vos | chocaste | You collided |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was colliding” or “she was colliding” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | chocaba | I was colliding |
| Tú | chocabas | You were colliding |
| Él / Ella / Usted | chocaba | He was / she was / you were colliding |
| Nosotros / as | chocábamos | We were colliding |
| Vosotros / as | chocabais | You were colliding |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chocaban | They / you were colliding |
| Vos | chocabas | You were colliding |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have collided” and “she has collided”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he chocado | I have collided |
| Tú | has chocado | You have collided |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha chocado | He has / she has / you have collided |
| Nosotros / as | hemos chocado | We have collided |
| Vosotros / as | habéis chocado | You have collided |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han chocado | They / you have collided |
| Vos | has chocado | You have collided |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would collide” or “she would collide”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | chocaría | I would collide |
| Tú | chocarías | You would collide |
| Él / Ella / Usted | chocaría | He / she / you would collide |
| Nosotros / as | chocaríamos | We would collide |
| Vosotros / as | chocaríais | You would collide |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chocarían | They / you would collide |
| Vos | chocarías | You would collide |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will collide” or “they will collide”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a chocar” means “They are going to collide”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | chocaré | I will collide |
| Tú | chocarás | You will collide |
| Él / Ella / Usted | chocará | He / she / you will collide |
| Nosotros / as | chocaremos | We will collide |
| Vosotros / as | chocaréis | You will collide |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chocarán | They / you will collide |
| Vos | chocarás | You will collide |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | choque |
| Tú | choques |
| Él / Ella / Usted | choque |
| Nosotros / as | choquemos |
| Vosotros / as | choquéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | choquen |
| Vos | choques |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | chocara | chocase |
| Tú | chocaras | chocase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | chocara | chocase |
| Nosotros / as | chocáramos | chocásemos |
| Vosotros / as | chocarais | chocaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chocaran | chocasen |
| Vos | chocaras | chocase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | chocare |
| Tú | chocares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | chocare |
| Nosotros / as | chocáremos |
| Vosotros / as | chocareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | chocaren |
| Vos | chocares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “collide!” and “don’t collide!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | choca | no choques |
| Él / Ella / Usted | choque | no choque |
| Nosotros / as | choquemos | no choquemos |
| Vosotros / as | chocad | no choquéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | choquen | no choquen |
| Vos | chocá | no choques |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya chocado |
| Tú | hayas chocado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya chocado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos chocado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis chocado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan chocado |
| Vos | hayas chocado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera chocado / hubiese chocado |
| Tú | hubieras chocado / hubieses chocado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera chocado / hubiese chocado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos chocado / hubiésemos chocado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais chocado / hubieseis chocado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran chocado / hubiesen chocado |
| Vos | hubieras chocado / hubieses chocado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere chocado |
| Tú | hubieres chocado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere chocado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos chocado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis chocado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren chocado |
| Vos | hubieres chocado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté chocando |
| Tú | estés chocando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté chocando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos chocando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis chocando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén chocando |
| Vos | estés chocando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera chocando / estuviese chocando |
| Tú | estuvieras chocando / estuvieses chocando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera chocando / estuviese chocando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos chocando / estuviésamos chocando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais chocando / estuvieseis chocando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera chocando / estuviese chocando |
| Vos | estuvieras chocando / estuvieses chocando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere chocando |
| Tú | estuvieres chocando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere chocando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos chocando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis chocando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere chocando |
| Vos | estuvieres chocando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos chocás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos chocaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos chocabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos chocarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos chocarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos choques |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos chocaras / Vos chocase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos chocá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no choques |