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Circular is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to distribute, circulate, move”.
Below are all of the conjugations for circular in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to distribute, circulate, move |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | circular |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está circulando) and past continuous (estaba circulando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. circulating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he circulado and hubiera circulado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have circulated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | circulando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | circulado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I circulate” or “they circulate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | circulo |
| Tú | circulas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | circula |
| Nosotros / as | circulamos |
| Vosotros / as | circuláis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | circulan |
| Vos | circulás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I circulated” or “she circulated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | circulé | I circulated |
| Tú | circulaste | You circulated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | circuló | He / she / you circulated |
| Nosotros / as | circulamos | We circulated |
| Vosotros / as | circulasteis | You circulated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | circularon | They / you circulated |
| Vos | circulaste | You circulated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was circulating” or “she was circulating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | circulaba | I was circulating |
| Tú | circulabas | You were circulating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | circulaba | He was / she was / you were circulating |
| Nosotros / as | circulábamos | We were circulating |
| Vosotros / as | circulabais | You were circulating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | circulaban | They / you were circulating |
| Vos | circulabas | You were circulating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have circulated” and “she has circulated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he circulado | I have circulated |
| Tú | has circulado | You have circulated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha circulado | He has / she has / you have circulated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos circulado | We have circulated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis circulado | You have circulated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han circulado | They / you have circulated |
| Vos | has circulado | You have circulated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would circulate” or “she would circulate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | circularía | I would circulate |
| Tú | circularías | You would circulate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | circularía | He / she / you would circulate |
| Nosotros / as | circularíamos | We would circulate |
| Vosotros / as | circularíais | You would circulate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | circularían | They / you would circulate |
| Vos | circularías | You would circulate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will circulate” or “they will circulate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a circular” means “They are going to circulate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | circularé | I will circulate |
| Tú | circularás | You will circulate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | circulará | He / she / you will circulate |
| Nosotros / as | circularemos | We will circulate |
| Vosotros / as | circularéis | You will circulate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | circularán | They / you will circulate |
| Vos | circularás | You will circulate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | circule |
| Tú | circules |
| Él / Ella / Usted | circule |
| Nosotros / as | circulemos |
| Vosotros / as | circuléis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | circulen |
| Vos | circules |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | circulara | circulase |
| Tú | circularas | circulase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | circulara | circulase |
| Nosotros / as | circuláramos | circulásemos |
| Vosotros / as | circularais | circulaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | circularan | circulasen |
| Vos | circularas | circulase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | circulare |
| Tú | circulares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | circulare |
| Nosotros / as | circuláremos |
| Vosotros / as | circulareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | circularen |
| Vos | circulares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “circulate!” and “don’t circulate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | circula | no circules |
| Él / Ella / Usted | circule | no circule |
| Nosotros / as | circulemos | no circulemos |
| Vosotros / as | circulad | no circuléis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | circulen | no circulen |
| Vos | circulá | no circules |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya circulado |
| Tú | hayas circulado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya circulado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos circulado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis circulado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan circulado |
| Vos | hayas circulado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera circulado / hubiese circulado |
| Tú | hubieras circulado / hubieses circulado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera circulado / hubiese circulado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos circulado / hubiésemos circulado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais circulado / hubieseis circulado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran circulado / hubiesen circulado |
| Vos | hubieras circulado / hubieses circulado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere circulado |
| Tú | hubieres circulado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere circulado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos circulado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis circulado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren circulado |
| Vos | hubieres circulado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté circulando |
| Tú | estés circulando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté circulando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos circulando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis circulando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén circulando |
| Vos | estés circulando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera circulando / estuviese circulando |
| Tú | estuvieras circulando / estuvieses circulando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera circulando / estuviese circulando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos circulando / estuviésamos circulando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais circulando / estuvieseis circulando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera circulando / estuviese circulando |
| Vos | estuvieras circulando / estuvieses circulando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere circulando |
| Tú | estuvieres circulando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere circulando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos circulando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis circulando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere circulando |
| Vos | estuvieres circulando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos circulás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos circulaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos circulabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos circularías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos circularás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos circules |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos circularas / Vos circulase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos circulá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no circules |