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Citar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to make an appointment, quote, summon”.
Below are all of the conjugations for citar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to make an appointment, quote, summon |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | citar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está citando) and past continuous (estaba citando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. making an appointment).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he citado and hubiera citado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have made an appointment).
| Gerundio / Gerund | citando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | citado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I make an appointment” or “they make an appointment”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | cito |
| Tú | citas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cita |
| Nosotros / as | citamos |
| Vosotros / as | citáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | citan |
| Vos | citás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I made an appointment” or “she made an appointment” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cité | I made an appointment |
| Tú | citaste | You made an appointment |
| Él / Ella / Usted | citó | He / she / you made an appointment |
| Nosotros / as | citamos | We made an appointment |
| Vosotros / as | citasteis | You made an appointment |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | citaron | They / you made an appointment |
| Vos | citaste | You made an appointment |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was making an appointment” or “she was making an appointment” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | citaba | I was making an appointment |
| Tú | citabas | You were making an appointment |
| Él / Ella / Usted | citaba | He was / she was / you were making an appointment |
| Nosotros / as | citábamos | We were making an appointment |
| Vosotros / as | citabais | You were making an appointment |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | citaban | They / you were making an appointment |
| Vos | citabas | You were making an appointment |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have made an appointment” and “she has made an appointment”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he citado | I have made an appointment |
| Tú | has citado | You have made an appointment |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha citado | He has / she has / you have made an appointment |
| Nosotros / as | hemos citado | We have made an appointment |
| Vosotros / as | habéis citado | You have made an appointment |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han citado | They / you have made an appointment |
| Vos | has citado | You have made an appointment |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would make an appointment” or “she would make an appointment”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | citaría | I would make an appointment |
| Tú | citarías | You would make an appointment |
| Él / Ella / Usted | citaría | He / she / you would make an appointment |
| Nosotros / as | citaríamos | We would make an appointment |
| Vosotros / as | citaríais | You would make an appointment |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | citarían | They / you would make an appointment |
| Vos | citarías | You would make an appointment |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will make an appointment” or “they will make an appointment”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a citar” means “They are going to make an appointment”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | citaré | I will make an appointment |
| Tú | citarás | You will make an appointment |
| Él / Ella / Usted | citará | He / she / you will make an appointment |
| Nosotros / as | citaremos | We will make an appointment |
| Vosotros / as | citaréis | You will make an appointment |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | citarán | They / you will make an appointment |
| Vos | citarás | You will make an appointment |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | cite |
| Tú | cites |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cite |
| Nosotros / as | citemos |
| Vosotros / as | citéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | citen |
| Vos | cites |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | citara | citase |
| Tú | citaras | citase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | citara | citase |
| Nosotros / as | citáramos | citásemos |
| Vosotros / as | citarais | citaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | citaran | citasen |
| Vos | citaras | citase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | citare |
| Tú | citares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | citare |
| Nosotros / as | citáremos |
| Vosotros / as | citareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | citaren |
| Vos | citares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “make an appointment!” and “don’t make an appointment!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | cita | no cites |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cite | no cite |
| Nosotros / as | citemos | no citemos |
| Vosotros / as | citad | no citéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | citen | no citen |
| Vos | citá | no cites |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya citado |
| Tú | hayas citado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya citado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos citado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis citado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan citado |
| Vos | hayas citado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera citado / hubiese citado |
| Tú | hubieras citado / hubieses citado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera citado / hubiese citado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos citado / hubiésemos citado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais citado / hubieseis citado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran citado / hubiesen citado |
| Vos | hubieras citado / hubieses citado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere citado |
| Tú | hubieres citado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere citado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos citado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis citado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren citado |
| Vos | hubieres citado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté citando |
| Tú | estés citando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté citando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos citando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis citando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén citando |
| Vos | estés citando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera citando / estuviese citando |
| Tú | estuvieras citando / estuvieses citando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera citando / estuviese citando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos citando / estuviésamos citando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais citando / estuvieseis citando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera citando / estuviese citando |
| Vos | estuvieras citando / estuvieses citando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere citando |
| Tú | estuvieres citando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere citando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos citando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis citando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere citando |
| Vos | estuvieres citando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos citás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos citaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos citabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos citarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos citarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos cites |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos citaras / Vos citase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos citá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no cites |