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Claudicar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to give up, back down”.
Below are all of the conjugations for claudicar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to give up, back down |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | claudicar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está claudicando) and past continuous (estaba claudicando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. giving up).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he claudicado and hubiera claudicado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have given up).
| Gerundio / Gerund | claudicando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | claudicado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I give up” or “they give up”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | claudico |
| Tú | claudicas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | claudica |
| Nosotros / as | claudicamos |
| Vosotros / as | claudicáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | claudican |
| Vos | claudicás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I gave up” or “she gave up” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | claudiqué | I gave up |
| Tú | claudicaste | You gave up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | claudicó | He / she / you gave up |
| Nosotros / as | claudicamos | We gave up |
| Vosotros / as | claudicasteis | You gave up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | claudicaron | They / you gave up |
| Vos | claudicaste | You gave up |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was giving up” or “she was giving up” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | claudicaba | I was giving up |
| Tú | claudicabas | You were giving up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | claudicaba | He was / she was / you were giving up |
| Nosotros / as | claudicábamos | We were giving up |
| Vosotros / as | claudicabais | You were giving up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | claudicaban | They / you were giving up |
| Vos | claudicabas | You were giving up |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have given up” and “she has given up”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he claudicado | I have given up |
| Tú | has claudicado | You have given up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha claudicado | He has / she has / you have given up |
| Nosotros / as | hemos claudicado | We have given up |
| Vosotros / as | habéis claudicado | You have given up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han claudicado | They / you have given up |
| Vos | has claudicado | You have given up |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would give up” or “she would give up”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | claudicaría | I would give up |
| Tú | claudicarías | You would give up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | claudicaría | He / she / you would give up |
| Nosotros / as | claudicaríamos | We would give up |
| Vosotros / as | claudicaríais | You would give up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | claudicarían | They / you would give up |
| Vos | claudicarías | You would give up |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will give up” or “they will give up”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a claudicar” means “They are going to give up”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | claudicaré | I will give up |
| Tú | claudicarás | You will give up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | claudicará | He / she / you will give up |
| Nosotros / as | claudicaremos | We will give up |
| Vosotros / as | claudicaréis | You will give up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | claudicarán | They / you will give up |
| Vos | claudicarás | You will give up |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | claudique |
| Tú | claudiques |
| Él / Ella / Usted | claudique |
| Nosotros / as | claudiquemos |
| Vosotros / as | claudiquéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | claudiquen |
| Vos | claudiques |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | claudicara | claudicase |
| Tú | claudicaras | claudicase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | claudicara | claudicase |
| Nosotros / as | claudicáramos | claudicásemos |
| Vosotros / as | claudicarais | claudicaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | claudicaran | claudicasen |
| Vos | claudicaras | claudicase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | claudicare |
| Tú | claudicares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | claudicare |
| Nosotros / as | claudicáremos |
| Vosotros / as | claudicareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | claudicaren |
| Vos | claudicares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “give up!” and “don’t give up!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | claudica | no claudiques |
| Él / Ella / Usted | claudique | no claudique |
| Nosotros / as | claudiquemos | no claudiquemos |
| Vosotros / as | claudicad | no claudiquéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | claudiquen | no claudiquen |
| Vos | claudicá | no claudiques |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya claudicado |
| Tú | hayas claudicado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya claudicado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos claudicado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis claudicado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan claudicado |
| Vos | hayas claudicado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera claudicado / hubiese claudicado |
| Tú | hubieras claudicado / hubieses claudicado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera claudicado / hubiese claudicado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos claudicado / hubiésemos claudicado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais claudicado / hubieseis claudicado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran claudicado / hubiesen claudicado |
| Vos | hubieras claudicado / hubieses claudicado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere claudicado |
| Tú | hubieres claudicado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere claudicado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos claudicado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis claudicado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren claudicado |
| Vos | hubieres claudicado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté claudicando |
| Tú | estés claudicando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté claudicando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos claudicando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis claudicando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén claudicando |
| Vos | estés claudicando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera claudicando / estuviese claudicando |
| Tú | estuvieras claudicando / estuvieses claudicando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera claudicando / estuviese claudicando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos claudicando / estuviésamos claudicando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais claudicando / estuvieseis claudicando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera claudicando / estuviese claudicando |
| Vos | estuvieras claudicando / estuvieses claudicando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere claudicando |
| Tú | estuvieres claudicando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere claudicando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos claudicando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis claudicando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere claudicando |
| Vos | estuvieres claudicando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos claudicás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos claudicaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos claudicabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos claudicarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos claudicarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos claudiques |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos claudicaras / Vos claudicase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos claudicá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no claudiques |