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Comerciar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to trade, deal”.
Below are all of the conjugations for comerciar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to trade, deal |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | comerciar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está comerciando) and past continuous (estaba comerciando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. trading).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he comerciado and hubiera comerciado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have traded).
| Gerundio / Gerund | comerciando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | comerciado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I trade” or “they trade”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | comercio |
| Tú | comercias |
| Él / Ella / Usted | comercia |
| Nosotros / as | comerciamos |
| Vosotros / as | comerciáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | comercian |
| Vos | comerciás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I traded” or “she traded” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | comercié | I traded |
| Tú | comerciaste | You traded |
| Él / Ella / Usted | comerció | He / she / you traded |
| Nosotros / as | comerciamos | We traded |
| Vosotros / as | comerciasteis | You traded |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | comerciaron | They / you traded |
| Vos | comerciaste | You traded |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was trading” or “she was trading” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | comerciaba | I was trading |
| Tú | comerciabas | You were trading |
| Él / Ella / Usted | comerciaba | He was / she was / you were trading |
| Nosotros / as | comerciábamos | We were trading |
| Vosotros / as | comerciabais | You were trading |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | comerciaban | They / you were trading |
| Vos | comerciabas | You were trading |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have traded” and “she has traded”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he comerciado | I have traded |
| Tú | has comerciado | You have traded |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha comerciado | He has / she has / you have traded |
| Nosotros / as | hemos comerciado | We have traded |
| Vosotros / as | habéis comerciado | You have traded |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han comerciado | They / you have traded |
| Vos | has comerciado | You have traded |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would trade” or “she would trade”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | comerciaría | I would trade |
| Tú | comerciarías | You would trade |
| Él / Ella / Usted | comerciaría | He / she / you would trade |
| Nosotros / as | comerciaríamos | We would trade |
| Vosotros / as | comerciaríais | You would trade |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | comerciarían | They / you would trade |
| Vos | comerciarías | You would trade |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will trade” or “they will trade”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a comerciar” means “They are going to trade”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | comerciaré | I will trade |
| Tú | comerciarás | You will trade |
| Él / Ella / Usted | comerciará | He / she / you will trade |
| Nosotros / as | comerciaremos | We will trade |
| Vosotros / as | comerciaréis | You will trade |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | comerciarán | They / you will trade |
| Vos | comerciarás | You will trade |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | comercie |
| Tú | comercies |
| Él / Ella / Usted | comercie |
| Nosotros / as | comerciemos |
| Vosotros / as | comerciéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | comercien |
| Vos | comercies |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | comerciara | comerciase |
| Tú | comerciaras | comerciase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | comerciara | comerciase |
| Nosotros / as | comerciáramos | comerciásemos |
| Vosotros / as | comerciarais | comerciaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | comerciaran | comerciasen |
| Vos | comerciaras | comerciase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | comerciare |
| Tú | comerciares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | comerciare |
| Nosotros / as | comerciáremos |
| Vosotros / as | comerciareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | comerciaren |
| Vos | comerciares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “trade!” and “don’t trade!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | comercia | no comercies |
| Él / Ella / Usted | comercie | no comercie |
| Nosotros / as | comerciemos | no comerciemos |
| Vosotros / as | comerciad | no comerciéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | comercien | no comercien |
| Vos | comerciá | no comercies |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya comerciado |
| Tú | hayas comerciado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya comerciado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos comerciado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis comerciado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan comerciado |
| Vos | hayas comerciado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera comerciado / hubiese comerciado |
| Tú | hubieras comerciado / hubieses comerciado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera comerciado / hubiese comerciado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos comerciado / hubiésemos comerciado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais comerciado / hubieseis comerciado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran comerciado / hubiesen comerciado |
| Vos | hubieras comerciado / hubieses comerciado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere comerciado |
| Tú | hubieres comerciado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere comerciado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos comerciado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis comerciado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren comerciado |
| Vos | hubieres comerciado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté comerciando |
| Tú | estés comerciando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté comerciando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos comerciando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis comerciando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén comerciando |
| Vos | estés comerciando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera comerciando / estuviese comerciando |
| Tú | estuvieras comerciando / estuvieses comerciando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera comerciando / estuviese comerciando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos comerciando / estuviésamos comerciando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais comerciando / estuvieseis comerciando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera comerciando / estuviese comerciando |
| Vos | estuvieras comerciando / estuvieses comerciando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere comerciando |
| Tú | estuvieres comerciando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere comerciando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos comerciando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis comerciando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere comerciando |
| Vos | estuvieres comerciando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos comerciás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos comerciaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos comerciabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos comerciarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos comerciarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos comercies |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos comerciaras / Vos comerciase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos comerciá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no comercies |