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Conjugar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to conjugate (grammar), join, put together”.
Below are all of the conjugations for conjugar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to conjugate (grammar), join, put together |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | conjugar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está conjugando) and past continuous (estaba conjugando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. conjugating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he conjugado and hubiera conjugado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have conjugated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | conjugando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | conjugado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I conjugate” or “they conjugate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | conjugo |
| Tú | conjugas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conjuga |
| Nosotros / as | conjugamos |
| Vosotros / as | conjugáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | conjugan |
| Vos | conjugás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I conjugated” or “she conjugated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | conjugué | I conjugated |
| Tú | conjugaste | You conjugated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conjugó | He / she / you conjugated |
| Nosotros / as | conjugamos | We conjugated |
| Vosotros / as | conjugasteis | You conjugated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | conjugaron | They / you conjugated |
| Vos | conjugaste | You conjugated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was conjugating” or “she was conjugating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | conjugaba | I was conjugating |
| Tú | conjugabas | You were conjugating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conjugaba | He was / she was / you were conjugating |
| Nosotros / as | conjugábamos | We were conjugating |
| Vosotros / as | conjugabais | You were conjugating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | conjugaban | They / you were conjugating |
| Vos | conjugabas | You were conjugating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have conjugated” and “she has conjugated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he conjugado | I have conjugated |
| Tú | has conjugado | You have conjugated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha conjugado | He has / she has / you have conjugated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos conjugado | We have conjugated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis conjugado | You have conjugated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han conjugado | They / you have conjugated |
| Vos | has conjugado | You have conjugated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would conjugate” or “she would conjugate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | conjugaría | I would conjugate |
| Tú | conjugarías | You would conjugate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conjugaría | He / she / you would conjugate |
| Nosotros / as | conjugaríamos | We would conjugate |
| Vosotros / as | conjugaríais | You would conjugate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | conjugarían | They / you would conjugate |
| Vos | conjugarías | You would conjugate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will conjugate” or “they will conjugate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a conjugar” means “They are going to conjugate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | conjugaré | I will conjugate |
| Tú | conjugarás | You will conjugate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conjugará | He / she / you will conjugate |
| Nosotros / as | conjugaremos | We will conjugate |
| Vosotros / as | conjugaréis | You will conjugate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | conjugarán | They / you will conjugate |
| Vos | conjugarás | You will conjugate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | conjugue |
| Tú | conjugues |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conjugue |
| Nosotros / as | conjuguemos |
| Vosotros / as | conjuguéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | conjuguen |
| Vos | conjugues |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | conjugara | conjugase |
| Tú | conjugaras | conjugase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conjugara | conjugase |
| Nosotros / as | conjugáramos | conjugásemos |
| Vosotros / as | conjugarais | conjugaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | conjugaran | conjugasen |
| Vos | conjugaras | conjugase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | conjugare |
| Tú | conjugares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conjugare |
| Nosotros / as | conjugáremos |
| Vosotros / as | conjugareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | conjugaren |
| Vos | conjugares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “conjugate!” and “don’t conjugate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | conjuga | no conjugues |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conjugue | no conjugue |
| Nosotros / as | conjuguemos | no conjuguemos |
| Vosotros / as | conjugad | no conjuguéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | conjuguen | no conjuguen |
| Vos | conjugá | no conjugues |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya conjugado |
| Tú | hayas conjugado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya conjugado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos conjugado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis conjugado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan conjugado |
| Vos | hayas conjugado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera conjugado / hubiese conjugado |
| Tú | hubieras conjugado / hubieses conjugado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera conjugado / hubiese conjugado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos conjugado / hubiésemos conjugado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais conjugado / hubieseis conjugado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran conjugado / hubiesen conjugado |
| Vos | hubieras conjugado / hubieses conjugado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere conjugado |
| Tú | hubieres conjugado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere conjugado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos conjugado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis conjugado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren conjugado |
| Vos | hubieres conjugado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté conjugando |
| Tú | estés conjugando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté conjugando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos conjugando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis conjugando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén conjugando |
| Vos | estés conjugando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera conjugando / estuviese conjugando |
| Tú | estuvieras conjugando / estuvieses conjugando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera conjugando / estuviese conjugando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos conjugando / estuviésamos conjugando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais conjugando / estuvieseis conjugando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera conjugando / estuviese conjugando |
| Vos | estuvieras conjugando / estuvieses conjugando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere conjugando |
| Tú | estuvieres conjugando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere conjugando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos conjugando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis conjugando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere conjugando |
| Vos | estuvieres conjugando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos conjugás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos conjugaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos conjugabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos conjugarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos conjugarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos conjugues |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos conjugaras / Vos conjugase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos conjugá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no conjugues |