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Convivir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to live together”.
Below are all of the conjugations for convivir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to live together |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | convivir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está conviviendo) and past continuous (estaba conviviendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. living together).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he convivido and hubiera convivido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have lived together).
| Gerundio / Gerund | conviviendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | convivido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I live together” or “they live together”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | convivo |
| Tú | convives |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convive |
| Nosotros / as | convivimos |
| Vosotros / as | convivís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | conviven |
| Vos | convivís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I lived together” or “she lived together” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | conviví | I lived together |
| Tú | conviviste | You lived together |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convivió | He / she / you lived together |
| Nosotros / as | convivimos | We lived together |
| Vosotros / as | convivisteis | You lived together |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convivieron | They / you lived together |
| Vos | conviviste | You lived together |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was living together” or “she was living together” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | convivía | I was living together |
| Tú | convivías | You were living together |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convivía | He was / she was / you were living together |
| Nosotros / as | convivíamos | We were living together |
| Vosotros / as | convivíais | You were living together |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convivían | They / you were living together |
| Vos | convivías | You were living together |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have lived together” and “she has lived together”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he convivido | I have lived together |
| Tú | has convivido | You have lived together |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha convivido | He has / she has / you have lived together |
| Nosotros / as | hemos convivido | We have lived together |
| Vosotros / as | habéis convivido | You have lived together |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han convivido | They / you have lived together |
| Vos | has convivido | You have lived together |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would live together” or “she would live together”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | conviviría | I would live together |
| Tú | convivirías | You would live together |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conviviría | He / she / you would live together |
| Nosotros / as | conviviríamos | We would live together |
| Vosotros / as | conviviríais | You would live together |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convivirían | They / you would live together |
| Vos | convivirías | You would live together |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will live together” or “they will live together”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a convivir” means “They are going to live together”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | conviviré | I will live together |
| Tú | convivirás | You will live together |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convivirá | He / she / you will live together |
| Nosotros / as | conviviremos | We will live together |
| Vosotros / as | conviviréis | You will live together |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convivirán | They / you will live together |
| Vos | convivirás | You will live together |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | conviva |
| Tú | convivas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conviva |
| Nosotros / as | convivamos |
| Vosotros / as | conviváis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convivan |
| Vos | convivas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | conviviera | conviviese |
| Tú | convivieras | conviviese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conviviera | conviviese |
| Nosotros / as | conviviéramos | conviviésemos |
| Vosotros / as | convivierais | convivieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convivieran | conviviesen |
| Vos | convivieras | conviviese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | conviviere |
| Tú | convivieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conviviera |
| Nosotros / as | conviviéremos |
| Vosotros / as | conviviereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convivieren |
| Vos | convivieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “live together!” and “don’t live together!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | convive | no convivas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conviva | no conviva |
| Nosotros / as | convivamos | no convivamos |
| Vosotros / as | convivid | no conviváis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convivan | no convivan |
| Vos | conviví | no convivas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya convivido |
| Tú | hayas convivido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya convivido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos convivido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis convivido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan convivido |
| Vos | hayas convivido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera convivido / hubiese convivido |
| Tú | hubieras convivido / hubieses convivido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera convivido / hubiese convivido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos convivido / hubiésemos convivido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais convivido / hubieseis convivido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran convivido / hubiesen convivido |
| Vos | hubieras convivido / hubieses convivido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere convivido |
| Tú | hubieres convivido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere convivido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos convivido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis convivido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren convivido |
| Vos | hubieres convivido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté conviviendo |
| Tú | estés conviviendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté conviviendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos conviviendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis conviviendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén conviviendo |
| Vos | estés conviviendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera conviviendo / estuviese conviviendo |
| Tú | estuvieras conviviendo / estuvieses conviviendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera conviviendo / estuviese conviviendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos conviviendo / estuviésamos conviviendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais conviviendo / estuvieseis conviviendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera conviviendo / estuviese conviviendo |
| Vos | estuvieras conviviendo / estuvieses conviviendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere conviviendo |
| Tú | estuvieres conviviendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere conviviendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos conviviendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis conviviendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere conviviendo |
| Vos | estuvieres conviviendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos convivís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos conviviste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos convivías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos convivirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos convivirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos convivas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos convivieras / Vos conviviese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos conviví |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no convivas |