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Cooperar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to cooperate”.
Below are all of the conjugations for cooperar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to cooperate |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | cooperar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está cooperando) and past continuous (estaba cooperando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. cooperating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he cooperado and hubiera cooperado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have cooperated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | cooperando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | cooperado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I cooperate” or “they cooperate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | coopero |
| Tú | cooperas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | coopera |
| Nosotros / as | cooperamos |
| Vosotros / as | cooperáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cooperan |
| Vos | cooperás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I cooperated” or “she cooperated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cooperé | I cooperated |
| Tú | cooperaste | You cooperated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cooperó | He / she / you cooperated |
| Nosotros / as | cooperamos | We cooperated |
| Vosotros / as | cooperasteis | You cooperated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cooperaron | They / you cooperated |
| Vos | cooperaste | You cooperated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was cooperating” or “she was cooperating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cooperaba | I was cooperating |
| Tú | cooperabas | You were cooperating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cooperaba | He was / she was / you were cooperating |
| Nosotros / as | cooperábamos | We were cooperating |
| Vosotros / as | cooperabais | You were cooperating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cooperaban | They / you were cooperating |
| Vos | cooperabas | You were cooperating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have cooperated” and “she has cooperated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he cooperado | I have cooperated |
| Tú | has cooperado | You have cooperated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha cooperado | He has / she has / you have cooperated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos cooperado | We have cooperated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis cooperado | You have cooperated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han cooperado | They / you have cooperated |
| Vos | has cooperado | You have cooperated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would cooperate” or “she would cooperate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cooperaría | I would cooperate |
| Tú | cooperarías | You would cooperate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cooperaría | He / she / you would cooperate |
| Nosotros / as | cooperaríamos | We would cooperate |
| Vosotros / as | cooperaríais | You would cooperate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cooperarían | They / you would cooperate |
| Vos | cooperarías | You would cooperate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will cooperate” or “they will cooperate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a cooperar” means “They are going to cooperate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cooperaré | I will cooperate |
| Tú | cooperarás | You will cooperate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cooperará | He / she / you will cooperate |
| Nosotros / as | cooperaremos | We will cooperate |
| Vosotros / as | cooperaréis | You will cooperate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cooperarán | They / you will cooperate |
| Vos | cooperarás | You will cooperate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | coopere |
| Tú | cooperes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | coopere |
| Nosotros / as | cooperemos |
| Vosotros / as | cooperéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cooperen |
| Vos | cooperes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cooperara | cooperase |
| Tú | cooperaras | cooperase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cooperara | cooperase |
| Nosotros / as | cooperáramos | cooperásemos |
| Vosotros / as | cooperarais | cooperaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cooperaran | cooperasen |
| Vos | cooperaras | cooperase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | cooperare |
| Tú | cooperares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cooperare |
| Nosotros / as | cooperáremos |
| Vosotros / as | cooperareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cooperaren |
| Vos | cooperares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “cooperate!” and “don’t cooperate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | coopera | no cooperes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | coopere | no coopere |
| Nosotros / as | cooperemos | no cooperemos |
| Vosotros / as | cooperad | no cooperéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cooperen | no cooperen |
| Vos | cooperá | no cooperes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya cooperado |
| Tú | hayas cooperado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya cooperado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos cooperado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis cooperado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan cooperado |
| Vos | hayas cooperado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera cooperado / hubiese cooperado |
| Tú | hubieras cooperado / hubieses cooperado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera cooperado / hubiese cooperado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos cooperado / hubiésemos cooperado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais cooperado / hubieseis cooperado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran cooperado / hubiesen cooperado |
| Vos | hubieras cooperado / hubieses cooperado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere cooperado |
| Tú | hubieres cooperado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere cooperado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos cooperado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis cooperado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren cooperado |
| Vos | hubieres cooperado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté cooperando |
| Tú | estés cooperando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté cooperando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos cooperando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis cooperando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén cooperando |
| Vos | estés cooperando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera cooperando / estuviese cooperando |
| Tú | estuvieras cooperando / estuvieses cooperando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera cooperando / estuviese cooperando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos cooperando / estuviésamos cooperando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais cooperando / estuvieseis cooperando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera cooperando / estuviese cooperando |
| Vos | estuvieras cooperando / estuvieses cooperando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere cooperando |
| Tú | estuvieres cooperando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere cooperando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos cooperando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis cooperando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere cooperando |
| Vos | estuvieres cooperando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos cooperás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos cooperaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos cooperabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos cooperarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos cooperarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos cooperes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos cooperaras / Vos cooperase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos cooperá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no cooperes |