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Cruzar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to cross (the road, ones legs, arms)”.
Below are all of the conjugations for cruzar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to cross (the road, ones legs, arms) |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | cruzar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está cruzando) and past continuous (estaba cruzando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. crossing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he cruzado and hubiera cruzado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have crossed).
| Gerundio / Gerund | cruzando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | cruzado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I cross” or “they cross”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | cruzo |
| Tú | cruzas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cruza |
| Nosotros / as | cruzamos |
| Vosotros / as | cruzáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cruzan |
| Vos | cruzás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I crossed” or “she crossed” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | crucé | I crossed |
| Tú | cruzaste | You crossed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cruzó | He / she / you crossed |
| Nosotros / as | cruzamos | We crossed |
| Vosotros / as | cruzasteis | You crossed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cruzaron | They / you crossed |
| Vos | cruzaste | You crossed |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was crossing” or “she was crossing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cruzaba | I was crossing |
| Tú | cruzabas | You were crossing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cruzaba | He was / she was / you were crossing |
| Nosotros / as | cruzábamos | We were crossing |
| Vosotros / as | cruzabais | You were crossing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cruzaban | They / you were crossing |
| Vos | cruzabas | You were crossing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have crossed” and “she has crossed”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he cruzado | I have crossed |
| Tú | has cruzado | You have crossed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha cruzado | He has / she has / you have crossed |
| Nosotros / as | hemos cruzado | We have crossed |
| Vosotros / as | habéis cruzado | You have crossed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han cruzado | They / you have crossed |
| Vos | has cruzado | You have crossed |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would cross” or “she would cross”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cruzaría | I would cross |
| Tú | cruzarías | You would cross |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cruzaría | He / she / you would cross |
| Nosotros / as | cruzaríamos | We would cross |
| Vosotros / as | cruzaríais | You would cross |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cruzarían | They / you would cross |
| Vos | cruzarías | You would cross |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will cross” or “they will cross”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a cruzar” means “They are going to cross”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cruzaré | I will cross |
| Tú | cruzarás | You will cross |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cruzará | He / she / you will cross |
| Nosotros / as | cruzaremos | We will cross |
| Vosotros / as | cruzaréis | You will cross |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cruzarán | They / you will cross |
| Vos | cruzarás | You will cross |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | cruce |
| Tú | cruces |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cruce |
| Nosotros / as | crucemos |
| Vosotros / as | crucéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | crucen |
| Vos | cruces |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | cruzara | cruzase |
| Tú | cruzaras | cruzase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cruzara | cruzase |
| Nosotros / as | cruzáramos | cruzásemos |
| Vosotros / as | cruzarais | cruzaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cruzaran | cruzasen |
| Vos | cruzaras | cruzase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | cruzare |
| Tú | cruzares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cruzare |
| Nosotros / as | cruzáremos |
| Vosotros / as | cruzareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | cruzaren |
| Vos | cruzares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “cross!” and “don’t cross!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | cruza | no cruces |
| Él / Ella / Usted | cruce | no cruce |
| Nosotros / as | crucemos | no crucemos |
| Vosotros / as | cruzad | no crucéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | crucen | no crucen |
| Vos | cruzá | no cruces |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya cruzado |
| Tú | hayas cruzado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya cruzado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos cruzado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis cruzado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan cruzado |
| Vos | hayas cruzado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera cruzado / hubiese cruzado |
| Tú | hubieras cruzado / hubieses cruzado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera cruzado / hubiese cruzado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos cruzado / hubiésemos cruzado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais cruzado / hubieseis cruzado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran cruzado / hubiesen cruzado |
| Vos | hubieras cruzado / hubieses cruzado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere cruzado |
| Tú | hubieres cruzado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere cruzado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos cruzado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis cruzado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren cruzado |
| Vos | hubieres cruzado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté cruzando |
| Tú | estés cruzando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté cruzando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos cruzando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis cruzando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén cruzando |
| Vos | estés cruzando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera cruzando / estuviese cruzando |
| Tú | estuvieras cruzando / estuvieses cruzando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera cruzando / estuviese cruzando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos cruzando / estuviésamos cruzando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais cruzando / estuvieseis cruzando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera cruzando / estuviese cruzando |
| Vos | estuvieras cruzando / estuvieses cruzando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere cruzando |
| Tú | estuvieres cruzando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere cruzando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos cruzando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis cruzando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere cruzando |
| Vos | estuvieres cruzando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos cruzás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos cruzaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos cruzabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos cruzarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos cruzarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos cruces |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos cruzaras / Vos cruzase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos cruzá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no cruces |