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Derivar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to derive, drift”.
Below are all of the conjugations for derivar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to derive, drift |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | derivar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está derivando) and past continuous (estaba derivando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. deriving).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he derivado and hubiera derivado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have derived).
| Gerundio / Gerund | derivando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | derivado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I derive” or “they derive”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | derivo |
| Tú | derivas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | deriva |
| Nosotros / as | derivamos |
| Vosotros / as | deriváis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derivan |
| Vos | derivás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I derived” or “she derived” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | derivé | I derived |
| Tú | derivaste | You derived |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derivó | He / she / you derived |
| Nosotros / as | derivamos | We derived |
| Vosotros / as | derivasteis | You derived |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derivaron | They / you derived |
| Vos | derivaste | You derived |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was deriving” or “she was deriving” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | derivaba | I was deriving |
| Tú | derivabas | You were deriving |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derivaba | He was / she was / you were deriving |
| Nosotros / as | derivábamos | We were deriving |
| Vosotros / as | derivabais | You were deriving |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derivaban | They / you were deriving |
| Vos | derivabas | You were deriving |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have derived” and “she has derived”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he derivado | I have derived |
| Tú | has derivado | You have derived |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha derivado | He has / she has / you have derived |
| Nosotros / as | hemos derivado | We have derived |
| Vosotros / as | habéis derivado | You have derived |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han derivado | They / you have derived |
| Vos | has derivado | You have derived |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would derive” or “she would derive”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | derivaría | I would derive |
| Tú | derivarías | You would derive |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derivaría | He / she / you would derive |
| Nosotros / as | derivaríamos | We would derive |
| Vosotros / as | derivaríais | You would derive |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derivarían | They / you would derive |
| Vos | derivarías | You would derive |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will derive” or “they will derive”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a derivar” means “They are going to derive”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | derivaré | I will derive |
| Tú | derivarás | You will derive |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derivará | He / she / you will derive |
| Nosotros / as | derivaremos | We will derive |
| Vosotros / as | derivaréis | You will derive |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derivarán | They / you will derive |
| Vos | derivarás | You will derive |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | derive |
| Tú | derives |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derive |
| Nosotros / as | derivemos |
| Vosotros / as | derivéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | deriven |
| Vos | derives |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | derivara | derivase |
| Tú | derivaras | derivase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derivara | derivase |
| Nosotros / as | deriváramos | derivásemos |
| Vosotros / as | derivarais | derivaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derivaran | derivasen |
| Vos | derivaras | derivase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | derivare |
| Tú | derivares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derivare |
| Nosotros / as | deriváremos |
| Vosotros / as | derivareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derivaren |
| Vos | derivares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “derive!” and “don’t derive!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | deriva | no derives |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derive | no derive |
| Nosotros / as | derivemos | no derivemos |
| Vosotros / as | derivad | no derivéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | deriven | no deriven |
| Vos | derivá | no derives |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya derivado |
| Tú | hayas derivado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya derivado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos derivado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis derivado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan derivado |
| Vos | hayas derivado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera derivado / hubiese derivado |
| Tú | hubieras derivado / hubieses derivado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera derivado / hubiese derivado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos derivado / hubiésemos derivado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais derivado / hubieseis derivado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran derivado / hubiesen derivado |
| Vos | hubieras derivado / hubieses derivado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere derivado |
| Tú | hubieres derivado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere derivado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos derivado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis derivado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren derivado |
| Vos | hubieres derivado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté derivando |
| Tú | estés derivando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté derivando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos derivando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis derivando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén derivando |
| Vos | estés derivando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera derivando / estuviese derivando |
| Tú | estuvieras derivando / estuvieses derivando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera derivando / estuviese derivando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos derivando / estuviésamos derivando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais derivando / estuvieseis derivando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera derivando / estuviese derivando |
| Vos | estuvieras derivando / estuvieses derivando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere derivando |
| Tú | estuvieres derivando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere derivando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos derivando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis derivando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere derivando |
| Vos | estuvieres derivando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos derivás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos derivaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos derivabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos derivarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos derivarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos derives |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos derivaras / Vos derivase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos derivá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no derives |