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Desafinar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to get out of tune”.
Below are all of the conjugations for desafinar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to get out of tune |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | desafinar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está desafinando) and past continuous (estaba desafinando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. getting out of tune).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he desafinado and hubiera desafinado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have got out of tune).
| Gerundio / Gerund | desafinando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | desafinado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I get out of tune” or “they get out of tune”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | desafino |
| Tú | desafinas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desafina |
| Nosotros / as | desafinamos |
| Vosotros / as | desafináis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desafinan |
| Vos | desafinás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I got out of tune” or “she got out of tune” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desafiné | I got out of tune |
| Tú | desafinaste | You got out of tune |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desafinó | He / she / you got out of tune |
| Nosotros / as | desafinamos | We got out of tune |
| Vosotros / as | desafinasteis | You got out of tune |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desafinaron | They / you got out of tune |
| Vos | desafinaste | You got out of tune |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was getting out of tune” or “she was getting out of tune” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desafinaba | I was getting out of tune |
| Tú | desafinabas | You were getting out of tune |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desafinaba | He was / she was / you were getting out of tune |
| Nosotros / as | desafinábamos | We were getting out of tune |
| Vosotros / as | desafinabais | You were getting out of tune |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desafinaban | They / you were getting out of tune |
| Vos | desafinabas | You were getting out of tune |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have got out of tune” and “she has got out of tune”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he desafinado | I have got out of tune |
| Tú | has desafinado | You have got out of tune |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha desafinado | He has / she has / you have got out of tune |
| Nosotros / as | hemos desafinado | We have got out of tune |
| Vosotros / as | habéis desafinado | You have got out of tune |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han desafinado | They / you have got out of tune |
| Vos | has desafinado | You have got out of tune |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would get out of tune” or “she would get out of tune”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desafinaría | I would get out of tune |
| Tú | desafinarías | You would get out of tune |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desafinaría | He / she / you would get out of tune |
| Nosotros / as | desafinaríamos | We would get out of tune |
| Vosotros / as | desafinaríais | You would get out of tune |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desafinarían | They / you would get out of tune |
| Vos | desafinarías | You would get out of tune |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will get out of tune” or “they will get out of tune”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a desafinar” means “They are going to get out of tune”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desafinaré | I will get out of tune |
| Tú | desafinarás | You will get out of tune |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desafinará | He / she / you will get out of tune |
| Nosotros / as | desafinaremos | We will get out of tune |
| Vosotros / as | desafinaréis | You will get out of tune |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desafinarán | They / you will get out of tune |
| Vos | desafinarás | You will get out of tune |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | desafine |
| Tú | desafines |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desafine |
| Nosotros / as | desafinemos |
| Vosotros / as | desafinéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desafinen |
| Vos | desafines |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desafinara | desafinase |
| Tú | desafinaras | desafinase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desafinara | desafinase |
| Nosotros / as | desafináramos | desafinásemos |
| Vosotros / as | desafinarais | desafinaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desafinaran | desafinasen |
| Vos | desafinaras | desafinase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | desafinare |
| Tú | desafinares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desafinare |
| Nosotros / as | desafináremos |
| Vosotros / as | desafinareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desafinaren |
| Vos | desafinares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “get out of tune!” and “don’t get out of tune!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | desafina | no desafines |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desafine | no desafine |
| Nosotros / as | desafinemos | no desafinemos |
| Vosotros / as | desafinad | no desafinéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desafinen | no desafinen |
| Vos | desafiná | no desafines |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya desafinado |
| Tú | hayas desafinado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya desafinado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos desafinado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis desafinado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan desafinado |
| Vos | hayas desafinado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera desafinado / hubiese desafinado |
| Tú | hubieras desafinado / hubieses desafinado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera desafinado / hubiese desafinado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos desafinado / hubiésemos desafinado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais desafinado / hubieseis desafinado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran desafinado / hubiesen desafinado |
| Vos | hubieras desafinado / hubieses desafinado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere desafinado |
| Tú | hubieres desafinado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere desafinado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos desafinado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis desafinado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren desafinado |
| Vos | hubieres desafinado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté desafinando |
| Tú | estés desafinando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté desafinando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos desafinando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis desafinando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén desafinando |
| Vos | estés desafinando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera desafinando / estuviese desafinando |
| Tú | estuvieras desafinando / estuvieses desafinando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera desafinando / estuviese desafinando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos desafinando / estuviésamos desafinando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais desafinando / estuvieseis desafinando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera desafinando / estuviese desafinando |
| Vos | estuvieras desafinando / estuvieses desafinando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere desafinando |
| Tú | estuvieres desafinando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere desafinando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos desafinando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis desafinando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere desafinando |
| Vos | estuvieres desafinando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos desafinás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos desafinaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos desafinabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos desafinarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos desafinarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos desafines |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos desafinaras / Vos desafinase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos desafiná |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no desafines |