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Desaliñar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to make dirty, untidy, disarrange”.
Below are all of the conjugations for desaliñar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to make dirty, untidy, disarrange |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | desaliñar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está desaliñando) and past continuous (estaba desaliñando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. making dirty).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he desaliñado and hubiera desaliñado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have made dirty).
| Gerundio / Gerund | desaliñando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | desaliñado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I make dirty” or “they make dirty”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | desaliño |
| Tú | desaliñas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desaliña |
| Nosotros / as | desaliñamos |
| Vosotros / as | desaliñáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desaliñan |
| Vos | desaliñás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I made dirty” or “she made dirty” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desaliñé | I made dirty |
| Tú | desaliñaste | You made dirty |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desaliñó | He / she / you made dirty |
| Nosotros / as | desaliñamos | We made dirty |
| Vosotros / as | desaliñasteis | You made dirty |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desaliñaron | They / you made dirty |
| Vos | desaliñaste | You made dirty |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was making dirty” or “she was making dirty” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desaliñaba | I was making dirty |
| Tú | desaliñabas | You were making dirty |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desaliñaba | He was / she was / you were making dirty |
| Nosotros / as | desaliñábamos | We were making dirty |
| Vosotros / as | desaliñabais | You were making dirty |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desaliñaban | They / you were making dirty |
| Vos | desaliñabas | You were making dirty |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have made dirty” and “she has made dirty”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he desaliñado | I have made dirty |
| Tú | has desaliñado | You have made dirty |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha desaliñado | He has / she has / you have made dirty |
| Nosotros / as | hemos desaliñado | We have made dirty |
| Vosotros / as | habéis desaliñado | You have made dirty |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han desaliñado | They / you have made dirty |
| Vos | has desaliñado | You have made dirty |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would make dirty” or “she would make dirty”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desaliñaría | I would make dirty |
| Tú | desaliñarías | You would make dirty |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desaliñaría | He / she / you would make dirty |
| Nosotros / as | desaliñaríamos | We would make dirty |
| Vosotros / as | desaliñaríais | You would make dirty |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desaliñarían | They / you would make dirty |
| Vos | desaliñarías | You would make dirty |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will make dirty” or “they will make dirty”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a desaliñar” means “They are going to make dirty”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desaliñaré | I will make dirty |
| Tú | desaliñarás | You will make dirty |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desaliñará | He / she / you will make dirty |
| Nosotros / as | desaliñaremos | We will make dirty |
| Vosotros / as | desaliñaréis | You will make dirty |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desaliñarán | They / you will make dirty |
| Vos | desaliñarás | You will make dirty |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | desaliñe |
| Tú | desaliñes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desaliñe |
| Nosotros / as | desaliñemos |
| Vosotros / as | desaliñéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desaliñen |
| Vos | desaliñes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desaliñara | desaliñase |
| Tú | desaliñaras | desaliñase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desaliñara | desaliñase |
| Nosotros / as | desaliñáramos | desaliñásemos |
| Vosotros / as | desaliñarais | desaliñaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desaliñaran | desaliñasen |
| Vos | desaliñaras | desaliñase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | desaliñare |
| Tú | desaliñares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desaliñare |
| Nosotros / as | desaliñáremos |
| Vosotros / as | desaliñareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desaliñaren |
| Vos | desaliñares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “make dirty!” and “don’t make dirty!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | desaliña | no desaliñes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desaliñe | no desaliñe |
| Nosotros / as | desaliñemos | no desaliñemos |
| Vosotros / as | desaliñad | no desaliñéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desaliñen | no desaliñen |
| Vos | desaliñá | no desaliñes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya desaliñado |
| Tú | hayas desaliñado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya desaliñado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos desaliñado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis desaliñado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan desaliñado |
| Vos | hayas desaliñado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera desaliñado / hubiese desaliñado |
| Tú | hubieras desaliñado / hubieses desaliñado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera desaliñado / hubiese desaliñado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos desaliñado / hubiésemos desaliñado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais desaliñado / hubieseis desaliñado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran desaliñado / hubiesen desaliñado |
| Vos | hubieras desaliñado / hubieses desaliñado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere desaliñado |
| Tú | hubieres desaliñado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere desaliñado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos desaliñado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis desaliñado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren desaliñado |
| Vos | hubieres desaliñado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté desaliñando |
| Tú | estés desaliñando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté desaliñando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos desaliñando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis desaliñando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén desaliñando |
| Vos | estés desaliñando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera desaliñando / estuviese desaliñando |
| Tú | estuvieras desaliñando / estuvieses desaliñando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera desaliñando / estuviese desaliñando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos desaliñando / estuviésamos desaliñando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais desaliñando / estuvieseis desaliñando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera desaliñando / estuviese desaliñando |
| Vos | estuvieras desaliñando / estuvieses desaliñando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere desaliñando |
| Tú | estuvieres desaliñando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere desaliñando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos desaliñando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis desaliñando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere desaliñando |
| Vos | estuvieres desaliñando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos desaliñás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos desaliñaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos desaliñabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos desaliñarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos desaliñarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos desaliñes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos desaliñaras / Vos desaliñase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos desaliñá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no desaliñes |