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Desconcertar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to confuse, upset”.
Below are all of the conjugations for desconcertar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to confuse, upset |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | desconcertar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está desconcertando) and past continuous (estaba desconcertando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. confusing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he desconcertado and hubiera desconcertado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have confused).
| Gerundio / Gerund | desconcertando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | desconcertado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I confuse” or “they confuse”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | desconcierto |
| Tú | desconciertas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desconcierta |
| Nosotros / as | desconcertamos |
| Vosotros / as | desconcertáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desconciertan |
| Vos | desconcertás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I confused” or “she confused” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desconcerté | I confused |
| Tú | desconcertaste | You confused |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desconcertó | He / she / you confused |
| Nosotros / as | desconcertamos | We confused |
| Vosotros / as | desconcertasteis | You confused |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desconcertaron | They / you confused |
| Vos | desconcertaste | You confused |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was confusing” or “she was confusing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desconcertaba | I was confusing |
| Tú | desconcertabas | You were confusing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desconcertaba | He was / she was / you were confusing |
| Nosotros / as | desconcertábamos | We were confusing |
| Vosotros / as | desconcertabais | You were confusing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desconcertaban | They / you were confusing |
| Vos | desconcertabas | You were confusing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have confused” and “she has confused”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he desconcertado | I have confused |
| Tú | has desconcertado | You have confused |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha desconcertado | He has / she has / you have confused |
| Nosotros / as | hemos desconcertado | We have confused |
| Vosotros / as | habéis desconcertado | You have confused |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han desconcertado | They / you have confused |
| Vos | has desconcertado | You have confused |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would confuse” or “she would confuse”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desconcertaría | I would confuse |
| Tú | desconcertarías | You would confuse |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desconcertaría | He / she / you would confuse |
| Nosotros / as | desconcertaríamos | We would confuse |
| Vosotros / as | desconcertaríais | You would confuse |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desconcertarían | They / you would confuse |
| Vos | desconcertarías | You would confuse |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will confuse” or “they will confuse”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a desconcertar” means “They are going to confuse”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desconcertaré | I will confuse |
| Tú | desconcertarás | You will confuse |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desconcertará | He / she / you will confuse |
| Nosotros / as | desconcertaremos | We will confuse |
| Vosotros / as | desconcertaréis | You will confuse |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desconcertarán | They / you will confuse |
| Vos | desconcertarás | You will confuse |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | desconcierte |
| Tú | desconciertes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desconcierte |
| Nosotros / as | desconcertemos |
| Vosotros / as | desconcertéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desconcierten |
| Vos | desconciertes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desconcertara | desconcertase |
| Tú | desconcertaras | desconcertase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desconcertara | desconcertase |
| Nosotros / as | desconcertáramos | desconcertásemos |
| Vosotros / as | desconcertarais | desconcertaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desconcertaran | desconcertasen |
| Vos | desconcertaras | desconcertase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | desconcertare |
| Tú | desconcertares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desconcertare |
| Nosotros / as | desconcertáremos |
| Vosotros / as | desconcertareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desconcertaren |
| Vos | desconcertares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “confuse!” and “don’t confuse!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | desconcierta | no desconciertes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desconcierte | no desconcierte |
| Nosotros / as | desconcertemos | no desconcertemos |
| Vosotros / as | desconcertad | no desconcertéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desconcierten | no desconcierten |
| Vos | desconcertá | no desconciertes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya desconcertado |
| Tú | hayas desconcertado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya desconcertado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos desconcertado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis desconcertado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan desconcertado |
| Vos | hayas desconcertado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera desconcertado / hubiese desconcertado |
| Tú | hubieras desconcertado / hubieses desconcertado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera desconcertado / hubiese desconcertado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos desconcertado / hubiésemos desconcertado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais desconcertado / hubieseis desconcertado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran desconcertado / hubiesen desconcertado |
| Vos | hubieras desconcertado / hubieses desconcertado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere desconcertado |
| Tú | hubieres desconcertado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere desconcertado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos desconcertado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis desconcertado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren desconcertado |
| Vos | hubieres desconcertado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté desconcertando |
| Tú | estés desconcertando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté desconcertando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos desconcertando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis desconcertando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén desconcertando |
| Vos | estés desconcertando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera desconcertando / estuviese desconcertando |
| Tú | estuvieras desconcertando / estuvieses desconcertando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera desconcertando / estuviese desconcertando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos desconcertando / estuviésamos desconcertando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais desconcertando / estuvieseis desconcertando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera desconcertando / estuviese desconcertando |
| Vos | estuvieras desconcertando / estuvieses desconcertando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere desconcertando |
| Tú | estuvieres desconcertando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere desconcertando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos desconcertando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis desconcertando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere desconcertando |
| Vos | estuvieres desconcertando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos desconcertás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos desconcertaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos desconcertabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos desconcertarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos desconcertarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos desconciertes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos desconcertaras / Vos desconcertase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos desconcertá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no desconciertes |