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Desentonar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to be out of tune, humiliate”.
Below are all of the conjugations for desentonar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to be out of tune, humiliate |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | desentonar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está desentonando) and past continuous (estaba desentonando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. being out of tune).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he desentonado and hubiera desentonado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have been out of tune).
| Gerundio / Gerund | desentonando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | desentonado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I be out of tune” or “they be out of tune”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | desentono |
| Tú | desentonas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desentona |
| Nosotros / as | desentonamos |
| Vosotros / as | desentonáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desentonan |
| Vos | desentonás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I was out of tune” or “she was out of tune” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desentoné | I was out of tune |
| Tú | desentonaste | You was out of tune |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desentonó | He / she / you was out of tune |
| Nosotros / as | desentonamos | We was out of tune |
| Vosotros / as | desentonasteis | You was out of tune |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desentonaron | They / you was out of tune |
| Vos | desentonaste | You was out of tune |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was being out of tune” or “she was being out of tune” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desentonaba | I was being out of tune |
| Tú | desentonabas | You were being out of tune |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desentonaba | He was / she was / you were being out of tune |
| Nosotros / as | desentonábamos | We were being out of tune |
| Vosotros / as | desentonabais | You were being out of tune |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desentonaban | They / you were being out of tune |
| Vos | desentonabas | You were being out of tune |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have been out of tune” and “she has been out of tune”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he desentonado | I have been out of tune |
| Tú | has desentonado | You have been out of tune |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha desentonado | He has / she has / you have been out of tune |
| Nosotros / as | hemos desentonado | We have been out of tune |
| Vosotros / as | habéis desentonado | You have been out of tune |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han desentonado | They / you have been out of tune |
| Vos | has desentonado | You have been out of tune |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would be out of tune” or “she would be out of tune”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desentonaría | I would be out of tune |
| Tú | desentonarías | You would be out of tune |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desentonaría | He / she / you would be out of tune |
| Nosotros / as | desentonaríamos | We would be out of tune |
| Vosotros / as | desentonaríais | You would be out of tune |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desentonarían | They / you would be out of tune |
| Vos | desentonarías | You would be out of tune |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will be out of tune” or “they will be out of tune”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a desentonar” means “They are going to be out of tune”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desentonaré | I will be out of tune |
| Tú | desentonarás | You will be out of tune |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desentonará | He / she / you will be out of tune |
| Nosotros / as | desentonaremos | We will be out of tune |
| Vosotros / as | desentonaréis | You will be out of tune |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desentonarán | They / you will be out of tune |
| Vos | desentonarás | You will be out of tune |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | desentone |
| Tú | desentones |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desentone |
| Nosotros / as | desentonemos |
| Vosotros / as | desentonéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desentonen |
| Vos | desentones |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desentonara | desentonase |
| Tú | desentonaras | desentonase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desentonara | desentonase |
| Nosotros / as | desentonáramos | desentonásemos |
| Vosotros / as | desentonarais | desentonaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desentonaran | desentonasen |
| Vos | desentonaras | desentonase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | desentonare |
| Tú | desentonares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desentonare |
| Nosotros / as | desentonáremos |
| Vosotros / as | desentonareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desentonaren |
| Vos | desentonares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “be out of tune!” and “don’t be out of tune!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | desentona | no desentones |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desentone | no desentone |
| Nosotros / as | desentonemos | no desentonemos |
| Vosotros / as | desentonad | no desentonéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desentonen | no desentonen |
| Vos | desentoná | no desentones |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya desentonado |
| Tú | hayas desentonado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya desentonado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos desentonado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis desentonado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan desentonado |
| Vos | hayas desentonado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera desentonado / hubiese desentonado |
| Tú | hubieras desentonado / hubieses desentonado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera desentonado / hubiese desentonado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos desentonado / hubiésemos desentonado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais desentonado / hubieseis desentonado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran desentonado / hubiesen desentonado |
| Vos | hubieras desentonado / hubieses desentonado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere desentonado |
| Tú | hubieres desentonado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere desentonado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos desentonado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis desentonado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren desentonado |
| Vos | hubieres desentonado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté desentonando |
| Tú | estés desentonando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté desentonando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos desentonando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis desentonando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén desentonando |
| Vos | estés desentonando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera desentonando / estuviese desentonando |
| Tú | estuvieras desentonando / estuvieses desentonando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera desentonando / estuviese desentonando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos desentonando / estuviésamos desentonando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais desentonando / estuvieseis desentonando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera desentonando / estuviese desentonando |
| Vos | estuvieras desentonando / estuvieses desentonando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere desentonando |
| Tú | estuvieres desentonando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere desentonando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos desentonando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis desentonando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere desentonando |
| Vos | estuvieres desentonando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos desentonás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos desentonaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos desentonabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos desentonarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos desentonarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos desentones |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos desentonaras / Vos desentonase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos desentoná |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no desentones |