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Difundir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to diffuse, spread, publish, divulge”.
Below are all of the conjugations for difundir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to diffuse, spread, publish, divulge |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | difundir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está difundiendo) and past continuous (estaba difundiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. diffusing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he difundido and hubiera difundido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have diffused).
| Gerundio / Gerund | difundiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | difundido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I diffuse” or “they diffuse”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | difundo |
| Tú | difundes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | difunde |
| Nosotros / as | difundimos |
| Vosotros / as | difundís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | difunden |
| Vos | difundís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I diffused” or “she diffused” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | difundí | I diffused |
| Tú | difundiste | You diffused |
| Él / Ella / Usted | difundió | He / she / you diffused |
| Nosotros / as | difundimos | We diffused |
| Vosotros / as | difundisteis | You diffused |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | difundieron | They / you diffused |
| Vos | difundiste | You diffused |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was diffusing” or “she was diffusing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | difundía | I was diffusing |
| Tú | difundías | You were diffusing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | difundía | He was / she was / you were diffusing |
| Nosotros / as | difundíamos | We were diffusing |
| Vosotros / as | difundíais | You were diffusing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | difundían | They / you were diffusing |
| Vos | difundías | You were diffusing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have diffused” and “she has diffused”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he difundido | I have diffused |
| Tú | has difundido | You have diffused |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha difundido | He has / she has / you have diffused |
| Nosotros / as | hemos difundido | We have diffused |
| Vosotros / as | habéis difundido | You have diffused |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han difundido | They / you have diffused |
| Vos | has difundido | You have diffused |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would diffuse” or “she would diffuse”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | difundiría | I would diffuse |
| Tú | difundirías | You would diffuse |
| Él / Ella / Usted | difundiría | He / she / you would diffuse |
| Nosotros / as | difundiríamos | We would diffuse |
| Vosotros / as | difundiríais | You would diffuse |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | difundirían | They / you would diffuse |
| Vos | difundirías | You would diffuse |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will diffuse” or “they will diffuse”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a difundir” means “They are going to diffuse”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | difundiré | I will diffuse |
| Tú | difundirás | You will diffuse |
| Él / Ella / Usted | difundirá | He / she / you will diffuse |
| Nosotros / as | difundiremos | We will diffuse |
| Vosotros / as | difundiréis | You will diffuse |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | difundirán | They / you will diffuse |
| Vos | difundirás | You will diffuse |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | difunda |
| Tú | difundas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | difunda |
| Nosotros / as | difundamos |
| Vosotros / as | difundáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | difundan |
| Vos | difundas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | difundiera | difundiese |
| Tú | difundieras | difundiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | difundiera | difundiese |
| Nosotros / as | difundiéramos | difundiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | difundierais | difundieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | difundieran | difundiesen |
| Vos | difundieras | difundiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | difundiere |
| Tú | difundieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | difundiera |
| Nosotros / as | difundiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | difundiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | difundieren |
| Vos | difundieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “diffuse!” and “don’t diffuse!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | difunde | no difundas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | difunda | no difunda |
| Nosotros / as | difundamos | no difundamos |
| Vosotros / as | difundid | no difundáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | difundan | no difundan |
| Vos | difundí | no difundas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya difundido |
| Tú | hayas difundido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya difundido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos difundido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis difundido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan difundido |
| Vos | hayas difundido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera difundido / hubiese difundido |
| Tú | hubieras difundido / hubieses difundido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera difundido / hubiese difundido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos difundido / hubiésemos difundido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais difundido / hubieseis difundido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran difundido / hubiesen difundido |
| Vos | hubieras difundido / hubieses difundido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere difundido |
| Tú | hubieres difundido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere difundido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos difundido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis difundido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren difundido |
| Vos | hubieres difundido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté difundiendo |
| Tú | estés difundiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté difundiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos difundiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis difundiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén difundiendo |
| Vos | estés difundiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera difundiendo / estuviese difundiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras difundiendo / estuvieses difundiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera difundiendo / estuviese difundiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos difundiendo / estuviésamos difundiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais difundiendo / estuvieseis difundiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera difundiendo / estuviese difundiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras difundiendo / estuvieses difundiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere difundiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres difundiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere difundiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos difundiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis difundiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere difundiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres difundiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos difundís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos difundiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos difundías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos difundirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos difundirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos difundas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos difundieras / Vos difundiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos difundí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no difundas |