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Dispersar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to disperse, scatter”.
Below are all of the conjugations for dispersar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to disperse, scatter |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | dispersar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está dispersando) and past continuous (estaba dispersando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. dispersing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he dispersado and hubiera dispersado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have dispersed).
| Gerundio / Gerund | dispersando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | dispersado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I disperse” or “they disperse”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | disperso |
| Tú | dispersas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dispersa |
| Nosotros / as | dispersamos |
| Vosotros / as | dispersáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dispersan |
| Vos | dispersás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I dispersed” or “she dispersed” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dispersé | I dispersed |
| Tú | dispersaste | You dispersed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dispersó | He / she / you dispersed |
| Nosotros / as | dispersamos | We dispersed |
| Vosotros / as | dispersasteis | You dispersed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dispersaron | They / you dispersed |
| Vos | dispersaste | You dispersed |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was dispersing” or “she was dispersing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dispersaba | I was dispersing |
| Tú | dispersabas | You were dispersing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dispersaba | He was / she was / you were dispersing |
| Nosotros / as | dispersábamos | We were dispersing |
| Vosotros / as | dispersabais | You were dispersing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dispersaban | They / you were dispersing |
| Vos | dispersabas | You were dispersing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have dispersed” and “she has dispersed”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he dispersado | I have dispersed |
| Tú | has dispersado | You have dispersed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha dispersado | He has / she has / you have dispersed |
| Nosotros / as | hemos dispersado | We have dispersed |
| Vosotros / as | habéis dispersado | You have dispersed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han dispersado | They / you have dispersed |
| Vos | has dispersado | You have dispersed |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would disperse” or “she would disperse”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dispersaría | I would disperse |
| Tú | dispersarías | You would disperse |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dispersaría | He / she / you would disperse |
| Nosotros / as | dispersaríamos | We would disperse |
| Vosotros / as | dispersaríais | You would disperse |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dispersarían | They / you would disperse |
| Vos | dispersarías | You would disperse |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will disperse” or “they will disperse”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a dispersar” means “They are going to disperse”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dispersaré | I will disperse |
| Tú | dispersarás | You will disperse |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dispersará | He / she / you will disperse |
| Nosotros / as | dispersaremos | We will disperse |
| Vosotros / as | dispersaréis | You will disperse |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dispersarán | They / you will disperse |
| Vos | dispersarás | You will disperse |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | disperse |
| Tú | disperses |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disperse |
| Nosotros / as | dispersemos |
| Vosotros / as | disperséis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dispersen |
| Vos | disperses |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dispersara | dispersase |
| Tú | dispersaras | dispersase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dispersara | dispersase |
| Nosotros / as | dispersáramos | dispersásemos |
| Vosotros / as | dispersarais | dispersaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dispersaran | dispersasen |
| Vos | dispersaras | dispersase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | dispersare |
| Tú | dispersares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dispersare |
| Nosotros / as | dispersáremos |
| Vosotros / as | dispersareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dispersaren |
| Vos | dispersares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “disperse!” and “don’t disperse!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | dispersa | no disperses |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disperse | no disperse |
| Nosotros / as | dispersemos | no dispersemos |
| Vosotros / as | dispersad | no disperséis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dispersen | no dispersen |
| Vos | dispersá | no disperses |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya dispersado |
| Tú | hayas dispersado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya dispersado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos dispersado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis dispersado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan dispersado |
| Vos | hayas dispersado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera dispersado / hubiese dispersado |
| Tú | hubieras dispersado / hubieses dispersado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera dispersado / hubiese dispersado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos dispersado / hubiésemos dispersado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais dispersado / hubieseis dispersado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran dispersado / hubiesen dispersado |
| Vos | hubieras dispersado / hubieses dispersado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere dispersado |
| Tú | hubieres dispersado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere dispersado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos dispersado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis dispersado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren dispersado |
| Vos | hubieres dispersado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté dispersando |
| Tú | estés dispersando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté dispersando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos dispersando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis dispersando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén dispersando |
| Vos | estés dispersando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera dispersando / estuviese dispersando |
| Tú | estuvieras dispersando / estuvieses dispersando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera dispersando / estuviese dispersando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos dispersando / estuviésamos dispersando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais dispersando / estuvieseis dispersando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera dispersando / estuviese dispersando |
| Vos | estuvieras dispersando / estuvieses dispersando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere dispersando |
| Tú | estuvieres dispersando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere dispersando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos dispersando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis dispersando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere dispersando |
| Vos | estuvieres dispersando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos dispersás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos dispersaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos dispersabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos dispersarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos dispersarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos disperses |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos dispersaras / Vos dispersase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos dispersá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no disperses |