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Ejercitar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to exercise, practice, train”.
Below are all of the conjugations for ejercitar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to exercise, practice, train |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | ejercitar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está ejercitando) and past continuous (estaba ejercitando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. exercising).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he ejercitado and hubiera ejercitado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have exercised).
| Gerundio / Gerund | ejercitando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | ejercitado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I exercise” or “they exercise”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | ejercito |
| Tú | ejercitas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ejercita |
| Nosotros / as | ejercitamos |
| Vosotros / as | ejercitáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ejercitan |
| Vos | ejercitás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I exercised” or “she exercised” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ejercité | I exercised |
| Tú | ejercitaste | You exercised |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ejercitó | He / she / you exercised |
| Nosotros / as | ejercitamos | We exercised |
| Vosotros / as | ejercitasteis | You exercised |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ejercitaron | They / you exercised |
| Vos | ejercitaste | You exercised |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was exercising” or “she was exercising” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ejercitaba | I was exercising |
| Tú | ejercitabas | You were exercising |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ejercitaba | He was / she was / you were exercising |
| Nosotros / as | ejercitábamos | We were exercising |
| Vosotros / as | ejercitabais | You were exercising |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ejercitaban | They / you were exercising |
| Vos | ejercitabas | You were exercising |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have exercised” and “she has exercised”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he ejercitado | I have exercised |
| Tú | has ejercitado | You have exercised |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha ejercitado | He has / she has / you have exercised |
| Nosotros / as | hemos ejercitado | We have exercised |
| Vosotros / as | habéis ejercitado | You have exercised |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han ejercitado | They / you have exercised |
| Vos | has ejercitado | You have exercised |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would exercise” or “she would exercise”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ejercitaría | I would exercise |
| Tú | ejercitarías | You would exercise |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ejercitaría | He / she / you would exercise |
| Nosotros / as | ejercitaríamos | We would exercise |
| Vosotros / as | ejercitaríais | You would exercise |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ejercitarían | They / you would exercise |
| Vos | ejercitarías | You would exercise |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will exercise” or “they will exercise”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a ejercitar” means “They are going to exercise”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ejercitaré | I will exercise |
| Tú | ejercitarás | You will exercise |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ejercitará | He / she / you will exercise |
| Nosotros / as | ejercitaremos | We will exercise |
| Vosotros / as | ejercitaréis | You will exercise |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ejercitarán | They / you will exercise |
| Vos | ejercitarás | You will exercise |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | ejercite |
| Tú | ejercites |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ejercite |
| Nosotros / as | ejercitemos |
| Vosotros / as | ejercitéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ejerciten |
| Vos | ejercites |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ejercitara | ejercitase |
| Tú | ejercitaras | ejercitase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ejercitara | ejercitase |
| Nosotros / as | ejercitáramos | ejercitásemos |
| Vosotros / as | ejercitarais | ejercitaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ejercitaran | ejercitasen |
| Vos | ejercitaras | ejercitase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | ejercitare |
| Tú | ejercitares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ejercitare |
| Nosotros / as | ejercitáremos |
| Vosotros / as | ejercitareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ejercitaren |
| Vos | ejercitares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “exercise!” and “don’t exercise!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | ejercita | no ejercites |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ejercite | no ejercite |
| Nosotros / as | ejercitemos | no ejercitemos |
| Vosotros / as | ejercitad | no ejercitéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ejerciten | no ejerciten |
| Vos | ejercitá | no ejercites |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya ejercitado |
| Tú | hayas ejercitado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya ejercitado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos ejercitado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis ejercitado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan ejercitado |
| Vos | hayas ejercitado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera ejercitado / hubiese ejercitado |
| Tú | hubieras ejercitado / hubieses ejercitado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera ejercitado / hubiese ejercitado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos ejercitado / hubiésemos ejercitado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais ejercitado / hubieseis ejercitado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran ejercitado / hubiesen ejercitado |
| Vos | hubieras ejercitado / hubieses ejercitado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere ejercitado |
| Tú | hubieres ejercitado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere ejercitado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos ejercitado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis ejercitado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren ejercitado |
| Vos | hubieres ejercitado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté ejercitando |
| Tú | estés ejercitando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté ejercitando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos ejercitando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis ejercitando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén ejercitando |
| Vos | estés ejercitando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera ejercitando / estuviese ejercitando |
| Tú | estuvieras ejercitando / estuvieses ejercitando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera ejercitando / estuviese ejercitando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos ejercitando / estuviésamos ejercitando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais ejercitando / estuvieseis ejercitando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera ejercitando / estuviese ejercitando |
| Vos | estuvieras ejercitando / estuvieses ejercitando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere ejercitando |
| Tú | estuvieres ejercitando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere ejercitando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos ejercitando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis ejercitando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere ejercitando |
| Vos | estuvieres ejercitando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos ejercitás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos ejercitaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos ejercitabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos ejercitarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos ejercitarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos ejercites |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos ejercitaras / Vos ejercitase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos ejercitá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no ejercites |