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Empujar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to push, shove”.
Below are all of the conjugations for empujar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to push, shove |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | empujar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está empujando) and past continuous (estaba empujando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. pushing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he empujado and hubiera empujado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have pushed).
| Gerundio / Gerund | empujando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | empujado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I push” or “they push”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | empujo |
| Tú | empujas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | empuja |
| Nosotros / as | empujamos |
| Vosotros / as | empujáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | empujan |
| Vos | empujás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I pushed” or “she pushed” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | empujé | I pushed |
| Tú | empujaste | You pushed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | empujó | He / she / you pushed |
| Nosotros / as | empujamos | We pushed |
| Vosotros / as | empujasteis | You pushed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | empujaron | They / you pushed |
| Vos | empujaste | You pushed |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was pushing” or “she was pushing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | empujaba | I was pushing |
| Tú | empujabas | You were pushing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | empujaba | He was / she was / you were pushing |
| Nosotros / as | empujábamos | We were pushing |
| Vosotros / as | empujabais | You were pushing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | empujaban | They / you were pushing |
| Vos | empujabas | You were pushing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have pushed” and “she has pushed”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he empujado | I have pushed |
| Tú | has empujado | You have pushed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha empujado | He has / she has / you have pushed |
| Nosotros / as | hemos empujado | We have pushed |
| Vosotros / as | habéis empujado | You have pushed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han empujado | They / you have pushed |
| Vos | has empujado | You have pushed |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would push” or “she would push”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | empujaría | I would push |
| Tú | empujarías | You would push |
| Él / Ella / Usted | empujaría | He / she / you would push |
| Nosotros / as | empujaríamos | We would push |
| Vosotros / as | empujaríais | You would push |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | empujarían | They / you would push |
| Vos | empujarías | You would push |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will push” or “they will push”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a empujar” means “They are going to push”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | empujaré | I will push |
| Tú | empujarás | You will push |
| Él / Ella / Usted | empujará | He / she / you will push |
| Nosotros / as | empujaremos | We will push |
| Vosotros / as | empujaréis | You will push |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | empujarán | They / you will push |
| Vos | empujarás | You will push |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | empuje |
| Tú | empujes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | empuje |
| Nosotros / as | empujemos |
| Vosotros / as | empujéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | empujen |
| Vos | empujes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | empujara | empujase |
| Tú | empujaras | empujase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | empujara | empujase |
| Nosotros / as | empujáramos | empujásemos |
| Vosotros / as | empujarais | empujaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | empujaran | empujasen |
| Vos | empujaras | empujase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | empujare |
| Tú | empujares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | empujare |
| Nosotros / as | empujáremos |
| Vosotros / as | empujareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | empujaren |
| Vos | empujares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “push!” and “don’t push!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | empuja | no empujes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | empuje | no empuje |
| Nosotros / as | empujemos | no empujemos |
| Vosotros / as | empujad | no empujéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | empujen | no empujen |
| Vos | empujá | no empujes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya empujado |
| Tú | hayas empujado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya empujado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos empujado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis empujado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan empujado |
| Vos | hayas empujado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera empujado / hubiese empujado |
| Tú | hubieras empujado / hubieses empujado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera empujado / hubiese empujado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos empujado / hubiésemos empujado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais empujado / hubieseis empujado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran empujado / hubiesen empujado |
| Vos | hubieras empujado / hubieses empujado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere empujado |
| Tú | hubieres empujado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere empujado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos empujado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis empujado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren empujado |
| Vos | hubieres empujado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté empujando |
| Tú | estés empujando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté empujando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos empujando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis empujando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén empujando |
| Vos | estés empujando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera empujando / estuviese empujando |
| Tú | estuvieras empujando / estuvieses empujando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera empujando / estuviese empujando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos empujando / estuviésamos empujando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais empujando / estuvieseis empujando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera empujando / estuviese empujando |
| Vos | estuvieras empujando / estuvieses empujando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere empujando |
| Tú | estuvieres empujando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere empujando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos empujando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis empujando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere empujando |
| Vos | estuvieres empujando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos empujás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos empujaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos empujabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos empujarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos empujarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos empujes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos empujaras / Vos empujase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos empujá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no empujes |