Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Menu
Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Enajenar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to alienate, drive crazy”.
Below are all of the conjugations for enajenar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to alienate, drive crazy |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | enajenar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está enajenando) and past continuous (estaba enajenando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. alienating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he enajenado and hubiera enajenado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have alienated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | enajenando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | enajenado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I alienate” or “they alienate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enajeno |
| Tú | enajenas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enajena |
| Nosotros / as | enajenamos |
| Vosotros / as | enajenáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enajenan |
| Vos | enajenás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I alienated” or “she alienated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enajené | I alienated |
| Tú | enajenaste | You alienated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enajenó | He / she / you alienated |
| Nosotros / as | enajenamos | We alienated |
| Vosotros / as | enajenasteis | You alienated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enajenaron | They / you alienated |
| Vos | enajenaste | You alienated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was alienating” or “she was alienating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enajenaba | I was alienating |
| Tú | enajenabas | You were alienating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enajenaba | He was / she was / you were alienating |
| Nosotros / as | enajenábamos | We were alienating |
| Vosotros / as | enajenabais | You were alienating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enajenaban | They / you were alienating |
| Vos | enajenabas | You were alienating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have alienated” and “she has alienated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he enajenado | I have alienated |
| Tú | has enajenado | You have alienated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha enajenado | He has / she has / you have alienated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos enajenado | We have alienated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis enajenado | You have alienated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han enajenado | They / you have alienated |
| Vos | has enajenado | You have alienated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would alienate” or “she would alienate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enajenaría | I would alienate |
| Tú | enajenarías | You would alienate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enajenaría | He / she / you would alienate |
| Nosotros / as | enajenaríamos | We would alienate |
| Vosotros / as | enajenaríais | You would alienate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enajenarían | They / you would alienate |
| Vos | enajenarías | You would alienate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will alienate” or “they will alienate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a enajenar” means “They are going to alienate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enajenaré | I will alienate |
| Tú | enajenarás | You will alienate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enajenará | He / she / you will alienate |
| Nosotros / as | enajenaremos | We will alienate |
| Vosotros / as | enajenaréis | You will alienate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enajenarán | They / you will alienate |
| Vos | enajenarás | You will alienate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enajene |
| Tú | enajenes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enajene |
| Nosotros / as | enajenemos |
| Vosotros / as | enajenéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enajenen |
| Vos | enajenes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enajenara | enajenase |
| Tú | enajenaras | enajenase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enajenara | enajenase |
| Nosotros / as | enajenáramos | enajenásemos |
| Vosotros / as | enajenarais | enajenaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enajenaran | enajenasen |
| Vos | enajenaras | enajenase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enajenare |
| Tú | enajenares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enajenare |
| Nosotros / as | enajenáremos |
| Vosotros / as | enajenareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enajenaren |
| Vos | enajenares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “alienate!” and “don’t alienate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | enajena | no enajenes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enajene | no enajene |
| Nosotros / as | enajenemos | no enajenemos |
| Vosotros / as | enajenad | no enajenéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enajenen | no enajenen |
| Vos | enajená | no enajenes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya enajenado |
| Tú | hayas enajenado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya enajenado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos enajenado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis enajenado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan enajenado |
| Vos | hayas enajenado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera enajenado / hubiese enajenado |
| Tú | hubieras enajenado / hubieses enajenado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera enajenado / hubiese enajenado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos enajenado / hubiésemos enajenado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais enajenado / hubieseis enajenado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran enajenado / hubiesen enajenado |
| Vos | hubieras enajenado / hubieses enajenado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere enajenado |
| Tú | hubieres enajenado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere enajenado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos enajenado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis enajenado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren enajenado |
| Vos | hubieres enajenado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté enajenando |
| Tú | estés enajenando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté enajenando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos enajenando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis enajenando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén enajenando |
| Vos | estés enajenando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera enajenando / estuviese enajenando |
| Tú | estuvieras enajenando / estuvieses enajenando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera enajenando / estuviese enajenando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos enajenando / estuviésamos enajenando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais enajenando / estuvieseis enajenando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera enajenando / estuviese enajenando |
| Vos | estuvieras enajenando / estuvieses enajenando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere enajenando |
| Tú | estuvieres enajenando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere enajenando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos enajenando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis enajenando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere enajenando |
| Vos | estuvieres enajenando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos enajenás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos enajenaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos enajenabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos enajenarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos enajenarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos enajenes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos enajenaras / Vos enajenase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos enajená |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no enajenes |