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Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Encarecer is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to raise prices”.
Below are all of the conjugations for encarecer in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to raise prices |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | encarecer |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está encareciendo) and past continuous (estaba encareciendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. raising prises).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he encarecido and hubiera encarecido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have raised prises).
| Gerundio / Gerund | encareciendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | encarecido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I raise prises” or “they raise prises”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | encarezco |
| Tú | encareces |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encarece |
| Nosotros / as | encarecemos |
| Vosotros / as | encarecéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encarecen |
| Vos | encarecés |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I raised prises” or “she raised prises” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | encarecí | I raised prises |
| Tú | encareciste | You raised prises |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encareció | He / she / you raised prises |
| Nosotros / as | encarecimos | We raised prises |
| Vosotros / as | encarecisteis | You raised prises |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encarecieron | They / you raised prises |
| Vos | encareciste | You raised prises |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was raising prises” or “she was raising prises” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | encarecía | I was raising prises |
| Tú | encarecías | You were raising prises |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encarecía | He was / she was / you were raising prises |
| Nosotros / as | encarecíamos | We were raising prises |
| Vosotros / as | encarecíais | You were raising prises |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encarecían | They / you were raising prises |
| Vos | encarecías | You were raising prises |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have raised prises” and “she has raised prises”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he encarecido | I have raised prises |
| Tú | has encarecido | You have raised prises |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha encarecido | He has / she has / you have raised prises |
| Nosotros / as | hemos encarecido | We have raised prises |
| Vosotros / as | habéis encarecido | You have raised prises |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han encarecido | They / you have raised prises |
| Vos | has encarecido | You have raised prises |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would raise prises” or “she would raise prises”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | encarecería | I would raise prises |
| Tú | encarecerías | You would raise prises |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encarecería | He / she / you would raise prises |
| Nosotros / as | encareceríamos | We would raise prises |
| Vosotros / as | encareceríais | You would raise prises |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encarecerían | They / you would raise prises |
| Vos | encarecerías | You would raise prises |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will raise prises” or “they will raise prises”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a encarecer” means “They are going to raise prises”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | encareceré | I will raise prises |
| Tú | encarecerás | You will raise prises |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encarecerá | He / she / you will raise prises |
| Nosotros / as | encareceremos | We will raise prises |
| Vosotros / as | encareceréis | You will raise prises |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encarecerán | They / you will raise prises |
| Vos | encarecerás | You will raise prises |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | encarezca |
| Tú | encarezcas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encarezca |
| Nosotros / as | encarezcamos |
| Vosotros / as | encarezcáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encarezcan |
| Vos | encarezcas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | encareciera | encareciese |
| Tú | encarecieras | encareciese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encareciera | encareciese |
| Nosotros / as | encareciéramos | encareciésemos |
| Vosotros / as | encarecierais | encarecieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encarecieran | encareciesen |
| Vos | encarecieras | encareciese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | encareciere |
| Tú | encarecieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encareciere |
| Nosotros / as | encareciéremos |
| Vosotros / as | encareciereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encarecieren |
| Vos | encarecieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “raise prises!” and “don’t raise prises!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | encarece | no encarezcas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encarezca | no encarezca |
| Nosotros / as | encarezcamos | no encarezcamos |
| Vosotros / as | encareced | no encarezcáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encarezcan | no encarezcan |
| Vos | encarecé | no encarezcas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya encarecido |
| Tú | hayas encarecido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya encarecido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos encarecido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis encarecido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan encarecido |
| Vos | hayas encarecido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera encarecido / hubiese encarecido |
| Tú | hubieras encarecido / hubieses encarecido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera encarecido / hubiese encarecido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos encarecido / hubiésemos encarecido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais encarecido / hubieseis encarecido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran encarecido / hubiesen encarecido |
| Vos | hubieras encarecido / hubieses encarecido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere encarecido |
| Tú | hubieres encarecido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere encarecido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos encarecido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis encarecido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren encarecido |
| Vos | hubieres encarecido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté encareciendo |
| Tú | estés encareciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté encareciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos encareciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis encareciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén encareciendo |
| Vos | estés encareciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera encareciendo / estuviese encareciendo |
| Tú | estuvieras encareciendo / estuvieses encareciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera encareciendo / estuviese encareciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos encareciendo / estuviésamos encareciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais encareciendo / estuvieseis encareciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera encareciendo / estuviese encareciendo |
| Vos | estuvieras encareciendo / estuvieses encareciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere encareciendo |
| Tú | estuvieres encareciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere encareciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos encareciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis encareciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere encareciendo |
| Vos | estuvieres encareciendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos encarecés |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos encareciste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos encarecías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos encarecerías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos encarecerás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos encarezcas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos encarecieras / Vos encareciese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos encarecé |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no encarezcas |