Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Menu
Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Enemistarse is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to become enemies”.
It’s a reflexive verb, which means the subject performs the action upon themselves – e.g. “I wake myself”.
Reflexive verbs always carry a reflexive pronoun – me, te, se, nos or os – which is often placed before the conjugated verb (e.g. me enemisto) or after the infinitive (e.g. Él tiene que enemistarse).
Below are all of the conjugations for enemistarse in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to become enemies |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | enemistarse |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está enemistándose) and past continuous (estaba enemistándose). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. becoming).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he enemistado and hubiera enemistado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have become).
| Gerundio / Gerund | enemistándose |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | enemistado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I become” or “they become”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | me enemisto |
| Tú | te enemistas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se enemista |
| Nosotros / as | nos enemistamos |
| Vosotros / as | os enemistáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se enemistan |
| Vos | te enemistás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I became” or “she became” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me enemisté | I became |
| Tú | te enemistaste | You became |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se enemistó | He / she / you became |
| Nosotros / as | nos enemistamos | We became |
| Vosotros / as | os enemistasteis | You became |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se enemistaron | They / you became |
| Vos | te enemistaste | You became |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was becoming” or “she was becoming” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me enemistaba | I was becoming |
| Tú | te enemistabas | You were becoming |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se enemistaba | He was / she was / you were becoming |
| Nosotros / as | nos enemistábamos | We were becoming |
| Vosotros / as | os enemistabais | You were becoming |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se enemistaban | They / you were becoming |
| Vos | te enemistabas | You were becoming |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have become” and “she has become”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me he enemistado | I have become |
| Tú | te has enemistado | You have become |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se ha enemistado | He has / she has / you have become |
| Nosotros / as | nos hemos enemistado | We have become |
| Vosotros / as | os habéis enemistado | You have become |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se han enemistado | They / you have become |
| Vos | te has enemistado | You have become |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would become enemies” or “she would become enemies”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me enemistaría | I would become |
| Tú | te enemistarías | You would become |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se enemistaría | He / she / you would become |
| Nosotros / as | nos enemistaríamos | We would become |
| Vosotros / as | os enemistaríais | You would become |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se enemistarían | They / you would become |
| Vos | te enemistarías | You would become |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will become enemies” or “they will become enemies”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a enemistarse” means “They are going to become enemies”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me enemistaré | I will become |
| Tú | te enemistarás | You will become |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se enemistará | He / she / you will become |
| Nosotros / as | nos enemistaremos | We will become |
| Vosotros / as | os enemistaréis | You will become |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se enemistarán | They / you will become |
| Vos | te enemistarás | You will become |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | me enemiste |
| Tú | te enemistes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se enemiste |
| Nosotros / as | nos enemistemos |
| Vosotros / as | os enemistéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se enemisten |
| Vos | te enemistes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me enemistara | me enemistase |
| Tú | te enemistaras | me enemistase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se enemistara | se enemistase |
| Nosotros / as | nos enemistáramos | nos enemistásemos |
| Vosotros / as | os enemistarais | os enemistaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se enemistaran | se enemistasen |
| Vos | te enemistaras | me enemistase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | me enemistare |
| Tú | te enemistares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se enemistare |
| Nosotros / as | nos enemistáremos |
| Vosotros / as | os enemistareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se enemistaren |
| Vos | te enemistares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “become enemies!” and “don’t become enemies!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | enemístate | no te enemistes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enemístese | no se enemiste |
| Nosotros / as | enemistémonos | no nos enemistemos |
| Vosotros / as | enemistaos | no os enemistéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enemístense | no se enemisten |
| Vos | enemistate | no te enemistes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya enemistado |
| Tú | hayas enemistado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya enemistado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos enemistado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis enemistado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan enemistado |
| Vos | hayas enemistado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera enemistado / hubiese enemistado |
| Tú | hubieras enemistado / hubieses enemistado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera enemistado / hubiese enemistado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos enemistado / hubiésemos enemistado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais enemistado / hubieseis enemistado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran enemistado / hubiesen enemistado |
| Vos | hubieras enemistado / hubieses enemistado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere enemistado |
| Tú | hubieres enemistado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere enemistado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos enemistado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis enemistado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren enemistado |
| Vos | hubieres enemistado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté enemistándose |
| Tú | estés enemistándose |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté enemistándose |
| Nosotros / as | estemos enemistándose |
| Vosotros / as | estéis enemistándose |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén enemistándose |
| Vos | estés enemistándose |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera enemistándose / estuviese enemistándose |
| Tú | estuvieras enemistándose / estuvieses enemistándose |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera enemistándose / estuviese enemistándose |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos enemistándose / estuviésamos enemistándose |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais enemistándose / estuvieseis enemistándose |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera enemistándose / estuviese enemistándose |
| Vos | estuvieras enemistándose / estuvieses enemistándose |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere enemistándose |
| Tú | estuvieres enemistándose |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere enemistándose |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos enemistándose |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis enemistándose |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere enemistándose |
| Vos | estuvieres enemistándose |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos te enemistás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos te enemistaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos te enemistabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos te enemistarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos te enemistarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos te enemistes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos te enemistaras / Vos me enemistase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos enemistate |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no te enemistes |