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Enfilar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to line up, put in a line”.
Below are all of the conjugations for enfilar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to line up, put in a line |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | enfilar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está enfilando) and past continuous (estaba enfilando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. lining up).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he enfilado and hubiera enfilado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have lined up).
| Gerundio / Gerund | enfilando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | enfilado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I line up” or “they line up”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enfilo |
| Tú | enfilas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enfila |
| Nosotros / as | enfilamos |
| Vosotros / as | enfiláis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enfilan |
| Vos | enfilás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I lined up” or “she lined up” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enfilé | I lined up |
| Tú | enfilaste | You lined up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enfiló | He / she / you lined up |
| Nosotros / as | enfilamos | We lined up |
| Vosotros / as | enfilasteis | You lined up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enfilaron | They / you lined up |
| Vos | enfilaste | You lined up |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was lining up” or “she was lining up” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enfilaba | I was lining up |
| Tú | enfilabas | You were lining up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enfilaba | He was / she was / you were lining up |
| Nosotros / as | enfilábamos | We were lining up |
| Vosotros / as | enfilabais | You were lining up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enfilaban | They / you were lining up |
| Vos | enfilabas | You were lining up |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have lined up” and “she has lined up”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he enfilado | I have lined up |
| Tú | has enfilado | You have lined up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha enfilado | He has / she has / you have lined up |
| Nosotros / as | hemos enfilado | We have lined up |
| Vosotros / as | habéis enfilado | You have lined up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han enfilado | They / you have lined up |
| Vos | has enfilado | You have lined up |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would line up” or “she would line up”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enfilaría | I would line up |
| Tú | enfilarías | You would line up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enfilaría | He / she / you would line up |
| Nosotros / as | enfilaríamos | We would line up |
| Vosotros / as | enfilaríais | You would line up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enfilarían | They / you would line up |
| Vos | enfilarías | You would line up |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will line up” or “they will line up”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a enfilar” means “They are going to line up”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enfilaré | I will line up |
| Tú | enfilarás | You will line up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enfilará | He / she / you will line up |
| Nosotros / as | enfilaremos | We will line up |
| Vosotros / as | enfilaréis | You will line up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enfilarán | They / you will line up |
| Vos | enfilarás | You will line up |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enfile |
| Tú | enfiles |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enfile |
| Nosotros / as | enfilemos |
| Vosotros / as | enfiléis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enfilen |
| Vos | enfiles |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enfilara | enfilase |
| Tú | enfilaras | enfilase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enfilara | enfilase |
| Nosotros / as | enfiláramos | enfilásemos |
| Vosotros / as | enfilarais | enfilaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enfilaran | enfilasen |
| Vos | enfilaras | enfilase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enfilare |
| Tú | enfilares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enfilare |
| Nosotros / as | enfiláremos |
| Vosotros / as | enfilareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enfilaren |
| Vos | enfilares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “line up!” and “don’t line up!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | enfila | no enfiles |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enfile | no enfile |
| Nosotros / as | enfilemos | no enfilemos |
| Vosotros / as | enfilad | no enfiléis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enfilen | no enfilen |
| Vos | enfila | no enfiles |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya enfilado |
| Tú | hayas enfilado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya enfilado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos enfilado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis enfilado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan enfilado |
| Vos | hayas enfilado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera enfilado / hubiese enfilado |
| Tú | hubieras enfilado / hubieses enfilado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera enfilado / hubiese enfilado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos enfilado / hubiésemos enfilado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais enfilado / hubieseis enfilado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran enfilado / hubiesen enfilado |
| Vos | hubieras enfilado / hubieses enfilado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere enfilado |
| Tú | hubieres enfilado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere enfilado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos enfilado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis enfilado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren enfilado |
| Vos | hubieres enfilado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté enfilando |
| Tú | estés enfilando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté enfilando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos enfilando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis enfilando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén enfilando |
| Vos | estés enfilando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera enfilando / estuviese enfilando |
| Tú | estuvieras enfilando / estuvieses enfilando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera enfilando / estuviese enfilando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos enfilando / estuviésamos enfilando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais enfilando / estuvieseis enfilando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera enfilando / estuviese enfilando |
| Vos | estuvieras enfilando / estuvieses enfilando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere enfilando |
| Tú | estuvieres enfilando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere enfilando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos enfilando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis enfilando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere enfilando |
| Vos | estuvieres enfilando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos enfilás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos enfilaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos enfilabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos enfilarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos enfilarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos enfiles |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos enfilaras / Vos enfilase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos enfila |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no enfiles |