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Envejecer is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to age, make old”.
Below are all of the conjugations for envejecer in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to age, make old |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | envejecer |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está envejeciendo) and past continuous (estaba envejeciendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. making old).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he envejecido and hubiera envejecido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have made old).
| Gerundio / Gerund | envejeciendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | envejecido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I make old” or “they make old”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | envejezco |
| Tú | envejeces |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envejece |
| Nosotros / as | envejecemos |
| Vosotros / as | envejecéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envejecen |
| Vos | envejecés |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I made old” or “she made old” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envejecí | I made old |
| Tú | envejeciste | You made old |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envejeció | He / she / you made old |
| Nosotros / as | envejecimos | We made old |
| Vosotros / as | envejecisteis | You made old |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envejecieron | They / you made old |
| Vos | envejeciste | You made old |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was making old” or “she was making old” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envejecía | I was making old |
| Tú | envejecías | You were making old |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envejecía | He was / she was / you were making old |
| Nosotros / as | envejecíamos | We were making old |
| Vosotros / as | envejecíais | You were making old |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envejecían | They / you were making old |
| Vos | envejecías | You were making old |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have made old” and “she has made old”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he envejecido | I have made old |
| Tú | has envejecido | You have made old |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha envejecido | He has / she has / you have made old |
| Nosotros / as | hemos envejecido | We have made old |
| Vosotros / as | habéis envejecido | You have made old |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han envejecido | They / you have made old |
| Vos | has envejecido | You have made old |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would make old” or “she would make old”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envejecería | I would make old |
| Tú | envejecerías | You would make old |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envejecería | He / she / you would make old |
| Nosotros / as | envejeceríamos | We would make old |
| Vosotros / as | envejeceríais | You would make old |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envejecerían | They / you would make old |
| Vos | envejecerías | You would make old |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will make old” or “they will make old”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a envejecer” means “They are going to make old”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envejeceré | I will make old |
| Tú | envejecerás | You will make old |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envejecerá | He / she / you will make old |
| Nosotros / as | envejeceremos | We will make old |
| Vosotros / as | envejeceréis | You will make old |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envejecerán | They / you will make old |
| Vos | envejecerás | You will make old |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | envejezca |
| Tú | envejezcas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envejezca |
| Nosotros / as | envejezcamos |
| Vosotros / as | envejezcáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envejezcan |
| Vos | envejezcas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envejeciera | envejeciese |
| Tú | envejecieras | envejeciese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envejeciera | envejeciese |
| Nosotros / as | envejeciéramos | envejeciésemos |
| Vosotros / as | envejecierais | envejecieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envejecieran | envejeciesen |
| Vos | envejecieras | envejeciese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | envejeciere |
| Tú | envejecieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envejeciere |
| Nosotros / as | envejeciéremos |
| Vosotros / as | envejeciereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envejecieren |
| Vos | envejecieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “make old!” and “don’t make old!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | envejece | no envejezcas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envejezca | no envejezca |
| Nosotros / as | envejezcamos | no envejezcamos |
| Vosotros / as | envejeced | no envejezcáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envejezcan | no envejezcan |
| Vos | envejecé | no envejezcas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya envejecido |
| Tú | hayas envejecido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya envejecido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos envejecido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis envejecido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan envejecido |
| Vos | hayas envejecido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera envejecido / hubiese envejecido |
| Tú | hubieras envejecido / hubieses envejecido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera envejecido / hubiese envejecido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos envejecido / hubiésemos envejecido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais envejecido / hubieseis envejecido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran envejecido / hubiesen envejecido |
| Vos | hubieras envejecido / hubieses envejecido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere envejecido |
| Tú | hubieres envejecido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere envejecido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos envejecido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis envejecido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren envejecido |
| Vos | hubieres envejecido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté envejeciendo |
| Tú | estés envejeciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté envejeciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos envejeciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis envejeciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén envejeciendo |
| Vos | estés envejeciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera envejeciendo / estuviese envejeciendo |
| Tú | estuvieras envejeciendo / estuvieses envejeciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera envejeciendo / estuviese envejeciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos envejeciendo / estuviésamos envejeciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais envejeciendo / estuvieseis envejeciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera envejeciendo / estuviese envejeciendo |
| Vos | estuvieras envejeciendo / estuvieses envejeciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere envejeciendo |
| Tú | estuvieres envejeciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere envejeciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos envejeciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis envejeciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere envejeciendo |
| Vos | estuvieres envejeciendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos envejecés |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos envejeciste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos envejecías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos envejecerías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos envejecerás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos envejezcas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos envejecieras / Vos envejeciese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos envejecé |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no envejezcas |