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Envenenar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to poison”.
Below are all of the conjugations for envenenar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to poison |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | envenenar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está envenenando) and past continuous (estaba envenenando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. poisoning).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he envenenado and hubiera envenenado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have poisoned).
| Gerundio / Gerund | envenenando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | envenenado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I poison” or “they poison”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enveneno |
| Tú | envenenas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envenena |
| Nosotros / as | envenenamos |
| Vosotros / as | envenenáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envenenan |
| Vos | envenenás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I poisoned” or “she poisoned” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envenené | I poisoned |
| Tú | envenenaste | You poisoned |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envenenó | He / she / you poisoned |
| Nosotros / as | envenenamos | We poisoned |
| Vosotros / as | envenenasteis | You poisoned |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envenenaron | They / you poisoned |
| Vos | envenenaste | You poisoned |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was poisoning” or “she was poisoning” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envenenaba | I was poisoning |
| Tú | envenenabas | You were poisoning |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envenenaba | He was / she was / you were poisoning |
| Nosotros / as | envenenábamos | We were poisoning |
| Vosotros / as | envenenabais | You were poisoning |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envenenaban | They / you were poisoning |
| Vos | envenenabas | You were poisoning |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have poisoned” and “she has poisoned”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he envenenado | I have poisoned |
| Tú | has envenenado | You have poisoned |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha envenenado | He has / she has / you have poisoned |
| Nosotros / as | hemos envenenado | We have poisoned |
| Vosotros / as | habéis envenenado | You have poisoned |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han envenenado | They / you have poisoned |
| Vos | has envenenado | You have poisoned |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would poison” or “she would poison”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envenenaría | I would poison |
| Tú | envenenarías | You would poison |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envenenaría | He / she / you would poison |
| Nosotros / as | envenenaríamos | We would poison |
| Vosotros / as | envenenaríais | You would poison |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envenenarían | They / you would poison |
| Vos | envenenarías | You would poison |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will poison” or “they will poison”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a envenenar” means “They are going to poison”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envenenaré | I will poison |
| Tú | envenenarás | You will poison |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envenenará | He / she / you will poison |
| Nosotros / as | envenenaremos | We will poison |
| Vosotros / as | envenenaréis | You will poison |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envenenarán | They / you will poison |
| Vos | envenenarás | You will poison |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | envenene |
| Tú | envenenes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envenene |
| Nosotros / as | envenenemos |
| Vosotros / as | envenenéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envenenen |
| Vos | envenenes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envenenara | envenenase |
| Tú | envenenaras | envenenase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envenenara | envenenase |
| Nosotros / as | envenenáramos | envenenásemos |
| Vosotros / as | envenenarais | envenenaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envenenaran | envenenasen |
| Vos | envenenaras | envenenase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | envenenare |
| Tú | envenenares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envenenare |
| Nosotros / as | envenenáremos |
| Vosotros / as | envenenareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envenenaren |
| Vos | envenenares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “poison!” and “don’t poison!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | envenena | no envenenes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envenene | no envenene |
| Nosotros / as | envenenemos | no envenenemos |
| Vosotros / as | envenenad | no envenenéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envenenen | no envenenen |
| Vos | envenená | no envenenes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya envenenado |
| Tú | hayas envenenado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya envenenado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos envenenado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis envenenado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan envenenado |
| Vos | hayas envenenado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera envenenado / hubiese envenenado |
| Tú | hubieras envenenado / hubieses envenenado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera envenenado / hubiese envenenado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos envenenado / hubiésemos envenenado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais envenenado / hubieseis envenenado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran envenenado / hubiesen envenenado |
| Vos | hubieras envenenado / hubieses envenenado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere envenenado |
| Tú | hubieres envenenado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere envenenado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos envenenado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis envenenado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren envenenado |
| Vos | hubieres envenenado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté envenenando |
| Tú | estés envenenando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté envenenando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos envenenando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis envenenando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén envenenando |
| Vos | estés envenenando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera envenenando / estuviese envenenando |
| Tú | estuvieras envenenando / estuvieses envenenando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera envenenando / estuviese envenenando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos envenenando / estuviésamos envenenando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais envenenando / estuvieseis envenenando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera envenenando / estuviese envenenando |
| Vos | estuvieras envenenando / estuvieses envenenando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere envenenando |
| Tú | estuvieres envenenando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere envenenando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos envenenando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis envenenando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere envenenando |
| Vos | estuvieres envenenando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos envenenás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos envenenaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos envenenabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos envenenarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos envenenarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos envenenes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos envenenaras / Vos envenenase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos envenená |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no envenenes |