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Envidiar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to envy”.
Below are all of the conjugations for envidiar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to envy |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | envidiar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está envidiando) and past continuous (estaba envidiando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. envying).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he envidiado and hubiera envidiado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have envied).
| Gerundio / Gerund | envidiando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | envidiado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I envy” or “they envy”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | envidio |
| Tú | envidias |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envidia |
| Nosotros / as | envidiamos |
| Vosotros / as | envidiáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envidian |
| Vos | envidiás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I envied” or “she envied” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envidié | I envied |
| Tú | envidiaste | You envied |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envidió | He / she / you envied |
| Nosotros / as | envidiamos | We envied |
| Vosotros / as | envidiasteis | You envied |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envidiaron | They / you envied |
| Vos | envidiaste | You envied |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was envying” or “she was envying” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envidiaba | I was envying |
| Tú | envidiabas | You were envying |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envidiaba | He was / she was / you were envying |
| Nosotros / as | envidiábamos | We were envying |
| Vosotros / as | envidiabais | You were envying |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envidiaban | They / you were envying |
| Vos | envidiabas | You were envying |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have envied” and “she has envied”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he envidiado | I have envied |
| Tú | has envidiado | You have envied |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha envidiado | He has / she has / you have envied |
| Nosotros / as | hemos envidiado | We have envied |
| Vosotros / as | habéis envidiado | You have envied |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han envidiado | They / you have envied |
| Vos | has envidiado | You have envied |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would envy” or “she would envy”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envidiaría | I would envy |
| Tú | envidiarías | You would envy |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envidiaría | He / she / you would envy |
| Nosotros / as | envidiaríamos | We would envy |
| Vosotros / as | envidiaríais | You would envy |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envidiarían | They / you would envy |
| Vos | envidiarías | You would envy |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will envy” or “they will envy”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a envidiar” means “They are going to envy”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envidiaré | I will envy |
| Tú | envidiarás | You will envy |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envidiará | He / she / you will envy |
| Nosotros / as | envidiaremos | We will envy |
| Vosotros / as | envidiaréis | You will envy |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envidiarán | They / you will envy |
| Vos | envidiarás | You will envy |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | envidie |
| Tú | envidies |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envidie |
| Nosotros / as | envidiemos |
| Vosotros / as | envidiéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envidien |
| Vos | envidies |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envidiara | envidiase |
| Tú | envidiaras | envidiase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envidiara | envidiase |
| Nosotros / as | envidiáramos | envidiásemos |
| Vosotros / as | envidiarais | envidiaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envidiaran | envidiasen |
| Vos | envidiaras | envidiase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | envidiare |
| Tú | envidiares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envidiare |
| Nosotros / as | envidiáremos |
| Vosotros / as | envidiareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envidiaren |
| Vos | envidiares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “envy!” and “don’t envy!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | envidia | no envidies |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envidie | no envidie |
| Nosotros / as | envidiemos | no envidiemos |
| Vosotros / as | envidiad | no envidiéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envidien | no envidien |
| Vos | envidiá | no envidies |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya envidiado |
| Tú | hayas envidiado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya envidiado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos envidiado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis envidiado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan envidiado |
| Vos | hayas envidiado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera envidiado / hubiese envidiado |
| Tú | hubieras envidiado / hubieses envidiado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera envidiado / hubiese envidiado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos envidiado / hubiésemos envidiado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais envidiado / hubieseis envidiado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran envidiado / hubiesen envidiado |
| Vos | hubieras envidiado / hubieses envidiado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere envidiado |
| Tú | hubieres envidiado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere envidiado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos envidiado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis envidiado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren envidiado |
| Vos | hubieres envidiado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté envidiando |
| Tú | estés envidiando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté envidiando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos envidiando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis envidiando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén envidiando |
| Vos | estés envidiando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera envidiando / estuviese envidiando |
| Tú | estuvieras envidiando / estuvieses envidiando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera envidiando / estuviese envidiando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos envidiando / estuviésamos envidiando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais envidiando / estuvieseis envidiando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera envidiando / estuviese envidiando |
| Vos | estuvieras envidiando / estuvieses envidiando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere envidiando |
| Tú | estuvieres envidiando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere envidiando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos envidiando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis envidiando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere envidiando |
| Vos | estuvieres envidiando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos envidiás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos envidiaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos envidiabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos envidiarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos envidiarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos envidies |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos envidiaras / Vos envidiase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos envidiá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no envidies |