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Enviudar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to become a widower or a widow”.
Below are all of the conjugations for enviudar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to become a widower or a widow |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | enviudar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está enviudando) and past continuous (estaba enviudando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. becoming a widower).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he enviudado and hubiera enviudado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have become a widower).
| Gerundio / Gerund | enviudando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | enviudado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I become a widower” or “they become a widower”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enviudo |
| Tú | enviudas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enviuda |
| Nosotros / as | enviudamos |
| Vosotros / as | enviudáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enviudan |
| Vos | enviudás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I became a widower” or “she became a widower” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enviudé | I became a widower |
| Tú | enviudaste | You became a widower |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enviudó | He / she / you became a widower |
| Nosotros / as | enviudamos | We became a widower |
| Vosotros / as | enviudasteis | You became a widower |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enviudaron | They / you became a widower |
| Vos | enviudaste | You became a widower |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was becoming a widower” or “she was becoming a widower” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enviudaba | I was becoming a widower |
| Tú | enviudabas | You were becoming a widower |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enviudaba | He was / she was / you were becoming a widower |
| Nosotros / as | enviudábamos | We were becoming a widower |
| Vosotros / as | enviudabais | You were becoming a widower |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enviudaban | They / you were becoming a widower |
| Vos | enviudabas | You were becoming a widower |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have become a widower” and “she has become a widower”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he enviudado | I have become a widower |
| Tú | has enviudado | You have become a widower |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha enviudado | He has / she has / you have become a widower |
| Nosotros / as | hemos enviudado | We have become a widower |
| Vosotros / as | habéis enviudado | You have become a widower |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han enviudado | They / you have become a widower |
| Vos | has enviudado | You have become a widower |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would become a widower” or “she would become a widower”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enviudaría | I would become a widower |
| Tú | enviudarías | You would become a widower |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enviudaría | He / she / you would become a widower |
| Nosotros / as | enviudaríamos | We would become a widower |
| Vosotros / as | enviudaríais | You would become a widower |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enviudarían | They / you would become a widower |
| Vos | enviudarías | You would become a widower |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will become a widower” or “they will become a widower”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a enviudar” means “They are going to become a widower”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enviudaré | I will become a widower |
| Tú | enviudarás | You will become a widower |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enviudará | He / she / you will become a widower |
| Nosotros / as | enviudaremos | We will become a widower |
| Vosotros / as | enviudaréis | You will become a widower |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enviudarán | They / you will become a widower |
| Vos | enviudarás | You will become a widower |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enviude |
| Tú | enviudes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enviude |
| Nosotros / as | enviudemos |
| Vosotros / as | enviudéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enviuden |
| Vos | enviudes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enviudara | enviudase |
| Tú | enviudaras | enviudase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enviudara | enviudase |
| Nosotros / as | enviudáramos | enviudásemos |
| Vosotros / as | enviudarais | enviudaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enviudaran | enviudasen |
| Vos | enviudaras | enviudase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enviudare |
| Tú | enviudares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enviudare |
| Nosotros / as | enviudáremos |
| Vosotros / as | enviudareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enviudaren |
| Vos | enviudares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “become a widower!” and “don’t become a widower!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | enviuda | no enviudes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enviude | no enviude |
| Nosotros / as | enviudemos | no enviudemos |
| Vosotros / as | enviudad | no enviudéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enviuden | no enviuden |
| Vos | enviudá | no enviudes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya enviudado |
| Tú | hayas enviudado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya enviudado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos enviudado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis enviudado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan enviudado |
| Vos | hayas enviudado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera enviudado / hubiese enviudado |
| Tú | hubieras enviudado / hubieses enviudado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera enviudado / hubiese enviudado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos enviudado / hubiésemos enviudado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais enviudado / hubieseis enviudado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran enviudado / hubiesen enviudado |
| Vos | hubieras enviudado / hubieses enviudado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere enviudado |
| Tú | hubieres enviudado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere enviudado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos enviudado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis enviudado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren enviudado |
| Vos | hubieres enviudado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté enviudando |
| Tú | estés enviudando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté enviudando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos enviudando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis enviudando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén enviudando |
| Vos | estés enviudando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera enviudando / estuviese enviudando |
| Tú | estuvieras enviudando / estuvieses enviudando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera enviudando / estuviese enviudando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos enviudando / estuviésamos enviudando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais enviudando / estuvieseis enviudando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera enviudando / estuviese enviudando |
| Vos | estuvieras enviudando / estuvieses enviudando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere enviudando |
| Tú | estuvieres enviudando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere enviudando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos enviudando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis enviudando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere enviudando |
| Vos | estuvieres enviudando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos enviudás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos enviudaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos enviudabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos enviudarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos enviudarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos enviudes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos enviudaras / Vos enviudase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos enviudá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no enviudes |