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Esgrimir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to wield a weapon, fence”.
Below are all of the conjugations for esgrimir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to wield a weapon, fence |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | esgrimir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está esgrimiendo) and past continuous (estaba esgrimiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. wielding a weapon).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he esgrimido and hubiera esgrimido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have wielded a weapon).
| Gerundio / Gerund | esgrimiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | esgrimido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I wield a weapon” or “they wield a weapon”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esgrimo |
| Tú | esgrimes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esgrime |
| Nosotros / as | esgrimimos |
| Vosotros / as | esgrimís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esgrimen |
| Vos | esgrimís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I wielded a weapon” or “she wielded a weapon” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | esgrimí | I wielded a weapon |
| Tú | esgrimiste | You wielded a weapon |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esgrimió | He / she / you wielded a weapon |
| Nosotros / as | esgrimimos | We wielded a weapon |
| Vosotros / as | esgrimisteis | You wielded a weapon |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esgrimieron | They / you wielded a weapon |
| Vos | esgrimiste | You wielded a weapon |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was wielding a weapon” or “she was wielding a weapon” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | esgrimía | I was wielding a weapon |
| Tú | esgrimías | You were wielding a weapon |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esgrimía | He was / she was / you were wielding a weapon |
| Nosotros / as | esgrimíamos | We were wielding a weapon |
| Vosotros / as | esgrimíais | You were wielding a weapon |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esgrimían | They / you were wielding a weapon |
| Vos | esgrimías | You were wielding a weapon |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have wielded a weapon” and “she has wielded a weapon”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he esgrimido | I have wielded a weapon |
| Tú | has esgrimido | You have wielded a weapon |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha esgrimido | He has / she has / you have wielded a weapon |
| Nosotros / as | hemos esgrimido | We have wielded a weapon |
| Vosotros / as | habéis esgrimido | You have wielded a weapon |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han esgrimido | They / you have wielded a weapon |
| Vos | has esgrimido | You have wielded a weapon |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would wield a weapon” or “she would wield a weapon”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | esgrimiría | I would wield a weapon |
| Tú | esgrimirías | You would wield a weapon |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esgrimiría | He / she / you would wield a weapon |
| Nosotros / as | esgrimiríamos | We would wield a weapon |
| Vosotros / as | esgrimiríais | You would wield a weapon |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esgrimirían | They / you would wield a weapon |
| Vos | esgrimirías | You would wield a weapon |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will wield a weapon” or “they will wield a weapon”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a esgrimir” means “They are going to wield a weapon”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | esgrimiré | I will wield a weapon |
| Tú | esgrimirás | You will wield a weapon |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esgrimirá | He / she / you will wield a weapon |
| Nosotros / as | esgrimiremos | We will wield a weapon |
| Vosotros / as | esgrimiréis | You will wield a weapon |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esgrimirán | They / you will wield a weapon |
| Vos | esgrimirás | You will wield a weapon |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esgrima |
| Tú | esgrimas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esgrima |
| Nosotros / as | esgrimamos |
| Vosotros / as | esgrimáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esgriman |
| Vos | esgrimas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | esgrimiera | esgrimiese |
| Tú | esgrimieras | esgrimiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esgrimiera | esgrimiese |
| Nosotros / as | esgrimiéramos | esgrimiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | esgrimierais | esgrimieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esgrimieran | esgrimiesen |
| Vos | esgrimieras | esgrimiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esgrimiere |
| Tú | esgrimieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esgrimiera |
| Nosotros / as | esgrimiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | esgrimiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esgrimieren |
| Vos | esgrimieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “wield a weapon!” and “don’t wield a weapon!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | esgrime | no esgrimas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esgrima | no esgrima |
| Nosotros / as | esgrimamos | no esgrimamos |
| Vosotros / as | esgrimid | no esgrimáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esgriman | no esgriman |
| Vos | esgrimí | no esgrimas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya esgrimido |
| Tú | hayas esgrimido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya esgrimido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos esgrimido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis esgrimido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan esgrimido |
| Vos | hayas esgrimido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera esgrimido / hubiese esgrimido |
| Tú | hubieras esgrimido / hubieses esgrimido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera esgrimido / hubiese esgrimido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos esgrimido / hubiésemos esgrimido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais esgrimido / hubieseis esgrimido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran esgrimido / hubiesen esgrimido |
| Vos | hubieras esgrimido / hubieses esgrimido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere esgrimido |
| Tú | hubieres esgrimido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere esgrimido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos esgrimido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis esgrimido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren esgrimido |
| Vos | hubieres esgrimido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté esgrimiendo |
| Tú | estés esgrimiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté esgrimiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos esgrimiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis esgrimiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén esgrimiendo |
| Vos | estés esgrimiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera esgrimiendo / estuviese esgrimiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras esgrimiendo / estuvieses esgrimiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera esgrimiendo / estuviese esgrimiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos esgrimiendo / estuviésamos esgrimiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais esgrimiendo / estuvieseis esgrimiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera esgrimiendo / estuviese esgrimiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras esgrimiendo / estuvieses esgrimiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere esgrimiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres esgrimiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere esgrimiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos esgrimiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis esgrimiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere esgrimiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres esgrimiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos esgrimís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos esgrimiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos esgrimías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos esgrimirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos esgrimirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos esgrimas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos esgrimieras / Vos esgrimiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos esgrimí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no esgrimas |