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Esparcir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to scatter, spread”.
Below are all of the conjugations for esparcir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to scatter, spread |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | esparcir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está esparciendo) and past continuous (estaba esparciendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. scattering).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he esparcido and hubiera esparcido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have scattered).
| Gerundio / Gerund | esparciendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | esparcido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I scatter” or “they scatter”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esparzo |
| Tú | esparces |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esparce |
| Nosotros / as | esparcimos |
| Vosotros / as | esparcís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esparcen |
| Vos | esparcís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I scattered” or “she scattered” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | esparcí | I scattered |
| Tú | esparciste | You scattered |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esparció | He / she / you scattered |
| Nosotros / as | esparcimos | We scattered |
| Vosotros / as | esparcisteis | You scattered |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esparcieron | They / you scattered |
| Vos | esparciste | You scattered |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was scattering” or “she was scattering” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | esparcía | I was scattering |
| Tú | esparcías | You were scattering |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esparcía | He was / she was / you were scattering |
| Nosotros / as | esparcíamos | We were scattering |
| Vosotros / as | esparcíais | You were scattering |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esparcían | They / you were scattering |
| Vos | esparcías | You were scattering |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have scattered” and “she has scattered”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he esparcido | I have scattered |
| Tú | has esparcido | You have scattered |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha esparcido | He has / she has / you have scattered |
| Nosotros / as | hemos esparcido | We have scattered |
| Vosotros / as | habéis esparcido | You have scattered |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han esparcido | They / you have scattered |
| Vos | has esparcido | You have scattered |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would scatter” or “she would scatter”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | esparciría | I would scatter |
| Tú | esparcirías | You would scatter |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esparciría | He / she / you would scatter |
| Nosotros / as | esparciríamos | We would scatter |
| Vosotros / as | esparciríais | You would scatter |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esparcirían | They / you would scatter |
| Vos | esparcirías | You would scatter |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will scatter” or “they will scatter”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a esparcir” means “They are going to scatter”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | esparciré | I will scatter |
| Tú | esparcirás | You will scatter |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esparcirá | He / she / you will scatter |
| Nosotros / as | esparciremos | We will scatter |
| Vosotros / as | esparciréis | You will scatter |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esparcirán | They / you will scatter |
| Vos | esparcirás | You will scatter |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esparza |
| Tú | esparzas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esparza |
| Nosotros / as | esparzamos |
| Vosotros / as | esparzáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esparzan |
| Vos | esparzas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | esparciera | esparciese |
| Tú | esparcieras | esparciese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esparciera | esparciese |
| Nosotros / as | esparciéramos | esparciésemos |
| Vosotros / as | esparcierais | esparcieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esparcieran | esparciesen |
| Vos | esparcieras | esparciese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esparciere |
| Tú | esparcieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esparciera |
| Nosotros / as | esparciéremos |
| Vosotros / as | esparciereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esparcieren |
| Vos | esparcieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “scatter!” and “don’t scatter!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | esparce | no esparzas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esparza | no esparza |
| Nosotros / as | esparzamos | no esparzamos |
| Vosotros / as | esparcid | no esparzáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esparzan | no esparzan |
| Vos | esparcí | no esparzas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya esparcido |
| Tú | hayas esparcido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya esparcido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos esparcido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis esparcido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan esparcido |
| Vos | hayas esparcido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera esparcido / hubiese esparcido |
| Tú | hubieras esparcido / hubieses esparcido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera esparcido / hubiese esparcido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos esparcido / hubiésemos esparcido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais esparcido / hubieseis esparcido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran esparcido / hubiesen esparcido |
| Vos | hubieras esparcido / hubieses esparcido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere esparcido |
| Tú | hubieres esparcido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere esparcido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos esparcido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis esparcido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren esparcido |
| Vos | hubieres esparcido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté esparciendo |
| Tú | estés esparciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté esparciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos esparciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis esparciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén esparciendo |
| Vos | estés esparciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera esparciendo / estuviese esparciendo |
| Tú | estuvieras esparciendo / estuvieses esparciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera esparciendo / estuviese esparciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos esparciendo / estuviésamos esparciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais esparciendo / estuvieseis esparciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera esparciendo / estuviese esparciendo |
| Vos | estuvieras esparciendo / estuvieses esparciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere esparciendo |
| Tú | estuvieres esparciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere esparciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos esparciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis esparciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere esparciendo |
| Vos | estuvieres esparciendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos esparcís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos esparciste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos esparcías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos esparcirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos esparcirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos esparzas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos esparcieras / Vos esparciese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos esparcí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no esparzas |