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Esquiar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to ski”.
Below are all of the conjugations for esquiar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to ski |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | esquiar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está esquiando) and past continuous (estaba esquiando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. skiing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he esquiado and hubiera esquiado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have skied).
| Gerundio / Gerund | esquiando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | esquiado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I ski” or “they ski”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esquío |
| Tú | esquías |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esquía |
| Nosotros / as | esquiamos |
| Vosotros / as | esquiáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esquían |
| Vos | esquiás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I skied” or “she skied” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | esquié | I skied |
| Tú | esquiaste | You skied |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esquió | He / she / you skied |
| Nosotros / as | esquiamos | We skied |
| Vosotros / as | esquiasteis | You skied |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esquiaron | They / you skied |
| Vos | esquiaste | You skied |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was skiing” or “she was skiing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | esquiaba | I was skiing |
| Tú | esquiabas | You were skiing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esquiaba | He was / she was / you were skiing |
| Nosotros / as | esquiábamos | We were skiing |
| Vosotros / as | esquiabais | You were skiing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esquiaban | They / you were skiing |
| Vos | esquiabas | You were skiing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have skied” and “she has skied”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he esquiado | I have skied |
| Tú | has esquiado | You have skied |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha esquiado | He has / she has / you have skied |
| Nosotros / as | hemos esquiado | We have skied |
| Vosotros / as | habéis esquiado | You have skied |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han esquiado | They / you have skied |
| Vos | has esquiado | You have skied |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would ski” or “she would ski”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | esquiaría | I would ski |
| Tú | esquiarías | You would ski |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esquiaría | He / she / you would ski |
| Nosotros / as | esquiaríamos | We would ski |
| Vosotros / as | esquiaríais | You would ski |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esquiarían | They / you would ski |
| Vos | esquiarías | You would ski |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will ski” or “they will ski”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a esquiar” means “They are going to ski”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | esquiaré | I will ski |
| Tú | esquiarás | You will ski |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esquiará | He / she / you will ski |
| Nosotros / as | esquiaremos | We will ski |
| Vosotros / as | esquiaréis | You will ski |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esquiarán | They / you will ski |
| Vos | esquiarás | You will ski |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esquíe |
| Tú | esquíes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esquíe |
| Nosotros / as | esquiemos |
| Vosotros / as | esquiéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esquíen |
| Vos | esquíes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | esquiara | esquiase |
| Tú | esquiaras | esquiase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esquiara | esquiase |
| Nosotros / as | esquiáramos | esquiásemos |
| Vosotros / as | esquiarais | esquiaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esquiaran | esquiasen |
| Vos | esquiaras | esquiase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esquiare |
| Tú | esquiares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esquiare |
| Nosotros / as | esquiáremos |
| Vosotros / as | esquiareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esquiaren |
| Vos | esquiares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “ski!” and “don’t ski!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | esquía | no esquíes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esquíe | no esquíe |
| Nosotros / as | esquiemos | no esquiemos |
| Vosotros / as | esquiad | no esquiéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | esquíen | no esquíen |
| Vos | esquiá | no esquíes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya esquiado |
| Tú | hayas esquiado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya esquiado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos esquiado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis esquiado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan esquiado |
| Vos | hayas esquiado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera esquiado / hubiese esquiado |
| Tú | hubieras esquiado / hubieses esquiado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera esquiado / hubiese esquiado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos esquiado / hubiésemos esquiado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais esquiado / hubieseis esquiado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran esquiado / hubiesen esquiado |
| Vos | hubieras esquiado / hubieses esquiado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere esquiado |
| Tú | hubieres esquiado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere esquiado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos esquiado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis esquiado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren esquiado |
| Vos | hubieres esquiado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté esquiando |
| Tú | estés esquiando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté esquiando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos esquiando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis esquiando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén esquiando |
| Vos | estés esquiando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera esquiando / estuviese esquiando |
| Tú | estuvieras esquiando / estuvieses esquiando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera esquiando / estuviese esquiando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos esquiando / estuviésamos esquiando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais esquiando / estuvieseis esquiando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera esquiando / estuviese esquiando |
| Vos | estuvieras esquiando / estuvieses esquiando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere esquiando |
| Tú | estuvieres esquiando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere esquiando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos esquiando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis esquiando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere esquiando |
| Vos | estuvieres esquiando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos esquiás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos esquiaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos esquiabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos esquiarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos esquiarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos esquíes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos esquiaras / Vos esquiase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos esquiá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no esquíes |