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Extirpar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to eradicate, eliminate”.
Below are all of the conjugations for extirpar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to eradicate, eliminate |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | extirpar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está extirpando) and past continuous (estaba extirpando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. eradicating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he extirpado and hubiera extirpado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have eradicated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | extirpando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | extirpado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I eradicate” or “they eradicate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | extirpo |
| Tú | extirpas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extirpa |
| Nosotros / as | extirpamos |
| Vosotros / as | extirpáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extirpan |
| Vos | extirpás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I eradicated” or “she eradicated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extirpé | I eradicated |
| Tú | extirpaste | You eradicated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extirpó | He / she / you eradicated |
| Nosotros / as | extirpamos | We eradicated |
| Vosotros / as | extirpasteis | You eradicated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extirparon | They / you eradicated |
| Vos | extirpaste | You eradicated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was eradicating” or “she was eradicating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extirpaba | I was eradicating |
| Tú | extirpabas | You were eradicating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extirpaba | He was / she was / you were eradicating |
| Nosotros / as | extirpábamos | We were eradicating |
| Vosotros / as | extirpabais | You were eradicating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extirpaban | They / you were eradicating |
| Vos | extirpabas | You were eradicating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have eradicated” and “she has eradicated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he extirpado | I have eradicated |
| Tú | has extirpado | You have eradicated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha extirpado | He has / she has / you have eradicated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos extirpado | We have eradicated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis extirpado | You have eradicated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han extirpado | They / you have eradicated |
| Vos | has extirpado | You have eradicated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would eradicate” or “she would eradicate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extirparía | I would eradicate |
| Tú | extirparías | You would eradicate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extirparía | He / she / you would eradicate |
| Nosotros / as | extirparíamos | We would eradicate |
| Vosotros / as | extirparíais | You would eradicate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extirparían | They / you would eradicate |
| Vos | extirparías | You would eradicate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will eradicate” or “they will eradicate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a extirpar” means “They are going to eradicate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extirparé | I will eradicate |
| Tú | extirparás | You will eradicate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extirpará | He / she / you will eradicate |
| Nosotros / as | extirparemos | We will eradicate |
| Vosotros / as | extirparéis | You will eradicate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extirparán | They / you will eradicate |
| Vos | extirparás | You will eradicate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | extirpe |
| Tú | extirpes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extirpe |
| Nosotros / as | extirpemos |
| Vosotros / as | extirpéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extirpen |
| Vos | extirpes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extirpara | extirpase |
| Tú | extirparas | extirpase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extirpara | extirpase |
| Nosotros / as | extirpáramos | extirpásemos |
| Vosotros / as | extirparais | extirpaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extirparan | extirpasen |
| Vos | extirparas | extirpase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | extirpare |
| Tú | extirpares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extirpare |
| Nosotros / as | extirpáremos |
| Vosotros / as | extirpareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extirparen |
| Vos | extirpares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “eradicate!” and “don’t eradicate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | extirpa | no extirpes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extirpe | no extirpe |
| Nosotros / as | extirpemos | no extirpemos |
| Vosotros / as | extirpad | no extirpéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extirpen | no extirpen |
| Vos | extirpá | no extirpes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya extirpado |
| Tú | hayas extirpado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya extirpado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos extirpado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis extirpado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan extirpado |
| Vos | hayas extirpado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera extirpado / hubiese extirpado |
| Tú | hubieras extirpado / hubieses extirpado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera extirpado / hubiese extirpado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos extirpado / hubiésemos extirpado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais extirpado / hubieseis extirpado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran extirpado / hubiesen extirpado |
| Vos | hubieras extirpado / hubieses extirpado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere extirpado |
| Tú | hubieres extirpado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere extirpado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos extirpado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis extirpado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren extirpado |
| Vos | hubieres extirpado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté extirpando |
| Tú | estés extirpando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté extirpando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos extirpando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis extirpando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén extirpando |
| Vos | estés extirpando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera extirpando / estuviese extirpando |
| Tú | estuvieras extirpando / estuvieses extirpando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera extirpando / estuviese extirpando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos extirpando / estuviésamos extirpando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais extirpando / estuvieseis extirpando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera extirpando / estuviese extirpando |
| Vos | estuvieras extirpando / estuvieses extirpando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere extirpando |
| Tú | estuvieres extirpando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere extirpando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos extirpando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis extirpando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere extirpando |
| Vos | estuvieres extirpando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos extirpás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos extirpaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos extirpabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos extirparías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos extirparás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos extirpes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos extirparas / Vos extirpase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos extirpá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no extirpes |