Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Menu
Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Extrañar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to miss, surprise”.
Below are all of the conjugations for extrañar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to miss, surprise |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | extrañar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está extrañando) and past continuous (estaba extrañando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. missing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he extrañado and hubiera extrañado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have missed).
| Gerundio / Gerund | extrañando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | extrañado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I miss” or “they miss”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | extraño |
| Tú | extrañas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extraña |
| Nosotros / as | extrañamos |
| Vosotros / as | extrañáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extrañan |
| Vos | extrañás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I missed” or “she missed” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extrañé | I missed |
| Tú | extrañaste | You missed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extrañó | He / she / you missed |
| Nosotros / as | extrañamos | We missed |
| Vosotros / as | extrañasteis | You missed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extrañaron | They / you missed |
| Vos | extrañaste | You missed |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was missing” or “she was missing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extrañaba | I was missing |
| Tú | extrañabas | You were missing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extrañaba | He was / she was / you were missing |
| Nosotros / as | extrañábamos | We were missing |
| Vosotros / as | extrañabais | You were missing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extrañaban | They / you were missing |
| Vos | extrañabas | You were missing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have missed” and “she has missed”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he extrañado | I have missed |
| Tú | has extrañado | You have missed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha extrañado | He has / she has / you have missed |
| Nosotros / as | hemos extrañado | We have missed |
| Vosotros / as | habéis extrañado | You have missed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han extrañado | They / you have missed |
| Vos | has extrañado | You have missed |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would miss” or “she would miss”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extrañaría | I would miss |
| Tú | extrañarías | You would miss |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extrañaría | He / she / you would miss |
| Nosotros / as | extrañaríamos | We would miss |
| Vosotros / as | extrañaríais | You would miss |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extrañarían | They / you would miss |
| Vos | extrañarías | You would miss |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will miss” or “they will miss”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a extrañar” means “They are going to miss”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extrañaré | I will miss |
| Tú | extrañarás | You will miss |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extrañará | He / she / you will miss |
| Nosotros / as | extrañaremos | We will miss |
| Vosotros / as | extrañaréis | You will miss |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extrañarán | They / you will miss |
| Vos | extrañarás | You will miss |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | extrañe |
| Tú | extrañes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extrañe |
| Nosotros / as | extrañemos |
| Vosotros / as | extrañéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extrañen |
| Vos | extrañes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extrañara | extrañase |
| Tú | extrañaras | extrañase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extrañara | extrañase |
| Nosotros / as | extrañáramos | extrañásemos |
| Vosotros / as | extrañarais | extrañaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extrañaran | extrañasen |
| Vos | extrañaras | extrañase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | extrañare |
| Tú | extrañares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extrañare |
| Nosotros / as | extrañáremos |
| Vosotros / as | extrañareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extrañaren |
| Vos | extrañares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “miss!” and “don’t miss!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | extraña | no extrañes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extrañe | no extrañe |
| Nosotros / as | extrañemos | no extrañemos |
| Vosotros / as | extrañad | no extrañéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extrañen | no extrañen |
| Vos | extrañá | no extrañes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya extrañado |
| Tú | hayas extrañado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya extrañado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos extrañado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis extrañado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan extrañado |
| Vos | hayas extrañado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera extrañado / hubiese extrañado |
| Tú | hubieras extrañado / hubieses extrañado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera extrañado / hubiese extrañado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos extrañado / hubiésemos extrañado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais extrañado / hubieseis extrañado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran extrañado / hubiesen extrañado |
| Vos | hubieras extrañado / hubieses extrañado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere extrañado |
| Tú | hubieres extrañado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere extrañado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos extrañado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis extrañado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren extrañado |
| Vos | hubieres extrañado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté extrañando |
| Tú | estés extrañando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté extrañando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos extrañando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis extrañando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén extrañando |
| Vos | estés extrañando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera extrañando / estuviese extrañando |
| Tú | estuvieras extrañando / estuvieses extrañando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera extrañando / estuviese extrañando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos extrañando / estuviésamos extrañando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais extrañando / estuvieseis extrañando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera extrañando / estuviese extrañando |
| Vos | estuvieras extrañando / estuvieses extrañando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere extrañando |
| Tú | estuvieres extrañando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere extrañando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos extrañando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis extrañando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere extrañando |
| Vos | estuvieres extrañando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos extrañás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos extrañaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos extrañabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos extrañarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos extrañarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos extrañes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos extrañaras / Vos extrañase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos extrañá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no extrañes |