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Frustrar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to frustrate, thwart”.
Below are all of the conjugations for frustrar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to frustrate, thwart |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | frustrar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está frustrando) and past continuous (estaba frustrando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. frustrated).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he frustrated and hubiera frustrated. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have frustrating).
| Gerundio / Gerund | frustrando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | frustrated |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I frustrate” or “they frustrate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | frustro |
| Tú | frustras |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frustra |
| Nosotros / as | frustramos |
| Vosotros / as | frustráis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | frustran |
| Vos | frustrás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I frustrate” or “she frustrate” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | frustré | I frustrate |
| Tú | frustraste | You frustrate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frustró | He / she / you frustrate |
| Nosotros / as | frustramos | We frustrate |
| Vosotros / as | frustrasteis | You frustrate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | frustraron | They / you frustrate |
| Vos | frustraste | You frustrate |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was frustrated” or “she was frustrated” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | frustraba | I was frustrated |
| Tú | frustrabas | You were frustrated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frustraba | He was / she was / you were frustrated |
| Nosotros / as | frustrábamos | We were frustrated |
| Vosotros / as | frustrabais | You were frustrated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | frustraban | They / you were frustrated |
| Vos | frustrabas | You were frustrated |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have frustrating” and “she has frustrating”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he frustrated | I have frustrating |
| Tú | has frustrated | You have frustrating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha frustrated | He has / she has / you have frustrating |
| Nosotros / as | hemos frustrated | We have frustrating |
| Vosotros / as | habéis frustrated | You have frustrating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han frustrated | They / you have frustrating |
| Vos | has frustrated | You have frustrating |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would frustrate” or “she would frustrate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | frustraría | I would frustrate |
| Tú | frustrarías | You would frustrate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frustraría | He / she / you would frustrate |
| Nosotros / as | frustraríamos | We would frustrate |
| Vosotros / as | frustraríais | You would frustrate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | frustrarían | They / you would frustrate |
| Vos | frustrarías | You would frustrate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will frustrate” or “they will frustrate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a frustrar” means “They are going to frustrate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | frustraré | I will frustrate |
| Tú | frustrarás | You will frustrate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frustrará | He / she / you will frustrate |
| Nosotros / as | frustraremos | We will frustrate |
| Vosotros / as | frustraréis | You will frustrate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | frustrarán | They / you will frustrate |
| Vos | frustrarás | You will frustrate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | frustre |
| Tú | frustres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frustre |
| Nosotros / as | frustremos |
| Vosotros / as | frustréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | frustren |
| Vos | frustres |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | frustrara | frustrase |
| Tú | frustraras | frustrase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frustrara | frustrase |
| Nosotros / as | frustráramos | frustrásemos |
| Vosotros / as | frustrarais | frustraseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | frustraran | frustrasen |
| Vos | frustraras | frustrase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | frustrare |
| Tú | frustrares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frustrare |
| Nosotros / as | frustráremos |
| Vosotros / as | frustrareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | frustraren |
| Vos | frustrares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “frustrate!” and “don’t frustrate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | frustra | no frustres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frustre | no frustre |
| Nosotros / as | frustremos | no frustremos |
| Vosotros / as | frustrad | no frustréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | frustren | no frustren |
| Vos | frustrá | no frustres |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya frustrated |
| Tú | hayas frustrated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya frustrated |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos frustrated |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis frustrated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan frustrated |
| Vos | hayas frustrated |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera frustrated / hubiese frustrated |
| Tú | hubieras frustrated / hubieses frustrated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera frustrated / hubiese frustrated |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos frustrated / hubiésemos frustrated |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais frustrated / hubieseis frustrated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran frustrated / hubiesen frustrated |
| Vos | hubieras frustrated / hubieses frustrated |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere frustrated |
| Tú | hubieres frustrated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere frustrated |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos frustrated |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis frustrated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren frustrated |
| Vos | hubieres frustrated |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté frustrando |
| Tú | estés frustrando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté frustrando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos frustrando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis frustrando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén frustrando |
| Vos | estés frustrando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera frustrando / estuviese frustrando |
| Tú | estuvieras frustrando / estuvieses frustrando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera frustrando / estuviese frustrando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos frustrando / estuviésamos frustrando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais frustrando / estuvieseis frustrando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera frustrando / estuviese frustrando |
| Vos | estuvieras frustrando / estuvieses frustrando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere frustrando |
| Tú | estuvieres frustrando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere frustrando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos frustrando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis frustrando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere frustrando |
| Vos | estuvieres frustrando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos frustrás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos frustraste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos frustrabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos frustrarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos frustrarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos frustres |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos frustraras / Vos frustrase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos frustrá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no frustres |