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Fustigar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to whip, censure”.
Below are all of the conjugations for fustigar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to whip, censure |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | fustigar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está fustigando) and past continuous (estaba fustigando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. whipped).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he whipped and hubiera whipped. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have whipping).
| Gerundio / Gerund | fustigando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | whipped |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I whip” or “they whip”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | fustigo |
| Tú | fustigas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | fustiga |
| Nosotros / as | fustigamos |
| Vosotros / as | fustigáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fustigan |
| Vos | fustigás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I whip” or “she whip” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | fustigué | I whip |
| Tú | fustigaste | You whip |
| Él / Ella / Usted | fustigó | He / she / you whip |
| Nosotros / as | fustigamos | We whip |
| Vosotros / as | fustigasteis | You whip |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fustigaron | They / you whip |
| Vos | fustigaste | You whip |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was whipped” or “she was whipped” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | fustigaba | I was whipped |
| Tú | fustigabas | You were whipped |
| Él / Ella / Usted | fustigaba | He was / she was / you were whipped |
| Nosotros / as | fustigábamos | We were whipped |
| Vosotros / as | fustigabais | You were whipped |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fustigaban | They / you were whipped |
| Vos | fustigabas | You were whipped |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have whipping” and “she has whipping”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he whipped | I have whipping |
| Tú | has whipped | You have whipping |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha whipped | He has / she has / you have whipping |
| Nosotros / as | hemos whipped | We have whipping |
| Vosotros / as | habéis whipped | You have whipping |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han whipped | They / you have whipping |
| Vos | has whipped | You have whipping |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would whip” or “she would whip”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | fustigaría | I would whip |
| Tú | fustigarías | You would whip |
| Él / Ella / Usted | fustigaría | He / she / you would whip |
| Nosotros / as | fustigaríamos | We would whip |
| Vosotros / as | fustigaríais | You would whip |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fustigarían | They / you would whip |
| Vos | fustigarías | You would whip |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will whip” or “they will whip”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a fustigar” means “They are going to whip”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | fustigaré | I will whip |
| Tú | fustigarás | You will whip |
| Él / Ella / Usted | fustigará | He / she / you will whip |
| Nosotros / as | fustigaremos | We will whip |
| Vosotros / as | fustigaréis | You will whip |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fustigarán | They / you will whip |
| Vos | fustigarás | You will whip |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | fustigue |
| Tú | fustigues |
| Él / Ella / Usted | fustigue |
| Nosotros / as | fustiguemos |
| Vosotros / as | fustiguéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fustiguen |
| Vos | fustigues |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | fustigara | fustigase |
| Tú | fustigaras | fustigase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | fustigara | fustigase |
| Nosotros / as | fustigáramos | fustigásemos |
| Vosotros / as | fustigarais | fustigaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fustigaran | fustigasen |
| Vos | fustigaras | fustigase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | fustigare |
| Tú | fustigares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | fustigare |
| Nosotros / as | fustigáremos |
| Vosotros / as | fustigareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fustigaren |
| Vos | fustigares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “whip!” and “don’t whip!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | fustiga | no fustigues |
| Él / Ella / Usted | fustigue | no fustigue |
| Nosotros / as | fustiguemos | no fustiguemos |
| Vosotros / as | fustigad | no fustiguéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fustiguen | no fustiguen |
| Vos | fustigá | no fustigues |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya whipped |
| Tú | hayas whipped |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya whipped |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos whipped |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis whipped |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan whipped |
| Vos | hayas whipped |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera whipped / hubiese whipped |
| Tú | hubieras whipped / hubieses whipped |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera whipped / hubiese whipped |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos whipped / hubiésemos whipped |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais whipped / hubieseis whipped |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran whipped / hubiesen whipped |
| Vos | hubieras whipped / hubieses whipped |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere whipped |
| Tú | hubieres whipped |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere whipped |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos whipped |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis whipped |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren whipped |
| Vos | hubieres whipped |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté fustigando |
| Tú | estés fustigando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté fustigando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos fustigando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis fustigando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén fustigando |
| Vos | estés fustigando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera fustigando / estuviese fustigando |
| Tú | estuvieras fustigando / estuvieses fustigando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera fustigando / estuviese fustigando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos fustigando / estuviésamos fustigando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais fustigando / estuvieseis fustigando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera fustigando / estuviese fustigando |
| Vos | estuvieras fustigando / estuvieses fustigando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere fustigando |
| Tú | estuvieres fustigando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere fustigando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos fustigando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis fustigando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere fustigando |
| Vos | estuvieres fustigando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos fustigás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos fustigaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos fustigabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos fustigarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos fustigarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos fustigues |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos fustigaras / Vos fustigase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos fustigá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no fustigues |